SAUMUR

town, Maine-et-Loire dpartement, Pays de la Loire rgion, western France, on the Loire River. It is known for its cavalry school and for its wines. The town, dominated by the chteau of the dukes of Anjou, is located on rising ground between the Loire River and its tributary the Thouet, 2 miles (3 km) above their confluence. It also occupies an island in the Loire and has spread to the right bank of the river. The castle, an imposing 14th-century fortress with four round towers, was strengthened with ramparts in the 16th century. It now houses a museum devoted to horses and riding. Saumur also has a museum of decorative arts. The Saumur Cavalry School, which occupies vast 19th-century quarters in the west of the town, now provides training in the use of mechanized armour but has nevertheless retained the Cadre Noir (Black Training Team), the military horseback-riding instructors who first brought recognition to the school. Old churches include the austere Romanesque Notre-Dame-de-Nantilly, with notable 15th17th-century tapestries. Cellars where Saumur wines are produced may be visited in the surrounding countryside. The town grew up around a monastery and fort, built in the 10th century by the counts of Blois. In the 12th century it passed into the possession of the French crown. It became a Huguenot stronghold after the Reformation, and a renowned Protestant academy was established there. In 1685, however, the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, depriving French Protestants of their religious and civil liberties, led to massive emigration and to the closing of the academy. The town was damaged in 1940 during World War II, when the Cavalry School made a heroic three-day stand against superior German forces. The town's industries include the processing of the traditional agricultural products of the region (wines, mushrooms, and vegetables), aluminum fabrication, and tourism. Pop. (1990) 31,894.