SEIKAN TUNNEL

Japanese Seikan Tonneru, undersea tunnel linking Japan's main island of Honshu with the northern neighbouring island of Hokkaido. The Seikan Tunnel is the longest tunnel in the world; it is 33.4 miles (53.8 km) in length, 14.3 miles (23.3 km) of which lie under the Tsugaru Strait that separates Honshu from Hokkaido. The tunnel contains a rail line, and the building of the tunnel was sponsored by the Japanese National Railways. Construction of the tunnel began in 1964 and was completed in 1988; the digging employed as many as 3,000 workers at one time and took 34 lives in all because of cave-ins, flooding, and other mishaps. Despite the tremendous engineering, construction, and financial efforts that it involved, the Seikan Tunnel is only of limited use, since air travel between Honshu and Hokkaido is quicker and is now almost as cheap as rail travel through the tunnel itself. When the tunnel was first planned in the 1950s, ferries were the chief means of transport between the main island and Hokkaido, and the sinking of a ferry boat in the Tsugaru Strait during a typhoon in 1954 with a loss of more than 1,400 lives galvanized plans for the tunnel's construction. Since then, air transport has become much more practicable, and the Seikan Tunnel seems fated to carry significantly fewer passengers between the two islands than aircraft do. The tunnel remains one of the most formidable engineering feats of the 20th century, however.