SIDEBAR - WEST BERLIN 1970S OVERVIEW

Isolated by the Cold War and divided by the wall that shaped life in the city until its fall in 1989, Berlin turned in on itself for four decades, looking back to its louche but rich Weimar past and reveling in a cynical present of spies, government subsidies, and anarchic activism. Foreigners who saw their own alienation mirrored in the city's outsider status were deeply affected by or drawn to Berlin. Suffused with the atmosphere of Weimar Berlin, the musical Cabaret was a big hit in the 1970s, and Lou Reed recorded his concept album Berlin in 1973. The city's defining postwar musical moment came, however, when David Bowie and Iggy Pop brought their drug habits to West Berlin, recording a series of albums primarily at Hansa Studio (or Hansa by the Wall, as Bowie referred to it) beginning in 1977. In West Berlin, Bowie and Pop were able to distance themselves from British and American presumptions about the content and style of popular music. Caught between addiction and clarity, they made music that echoed the city's world-weary self-regard, creating a thin, alienated sound given extra emptiness on Bowie's records by a third collaborator, Brian Eno. Although relatively unsuccessful at the time, these albumsincluding Bowie's Low (1977) and Lodger (1979) and Pop's The Idiot (1977)have become increasingly influential. In particular, Bowie's Heroes and Pop's Lust for Life (both 1977) became alternative anthems, and in time new standards, and Eno's experimental approach to music making found a wide audience with his work with Talking Heads and later U2. Peter Silverton