SIDRA, GULF OF

Arabic Khalij Surt, Italian Golfo Della Sirte, historically Syrtis Major arm of the Mediterranean Sea, indenting the Libyan coast, northern Africa. It extends eastward for 275 mi (443 km), from Misratah to Banghazi. A highway links scattered oases along its shore, which is chiefly desert, with salt marshes. In August, the gulf's water temperature reaches 88 F (31 C), the warmest in the Mediterranean. The gulf is important for tuna (tunny) fishing and sponges; and the main port is Surta starting point of many Saharan caravan routes. Salt flats are scattered along the coast. During World War II, the gulf was the scene of the Battle of Sirte (March 1942), in which a British naval convoy thwarted attacks from Italian warships and German bombers.