SIMONSON, LEE

born June 26, 1888, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Jan. 23, 1967, Yonkers, N.Y. designer influential in freeing American stage design from constraints imposed by traditional realism. In 1915, after studying at Harvard University and in Paris, Simonson began designing sets for the Washington Square Players in New York. Four years later, he helped found the Theatre Guild and became a member of the board of directors (191940). During the next 30 years he designed sets for more than 75 productions, including many sponsored by the guild. He forsook the elaborate illusions of the realistic stage for the frank use of conventions suited to the meaning and action of particular plays. For John Masefield's Faithful (1919) he used Japanese screens, and for George Bernard Shaw's Back to Methuselah (1922) he projected lantern slides. Simonson was also active as an art critic, painter, magazine editor, and theatre consultant. His published works include The Stage Is Set (1932), an important essay on the theatre; an autobiography, Part of a Lifetime (1943); and The Art of Scenic Design (1950).