SORANUS OF EPHESUS

(near modern Seluk, Turkey; fl. 2nd century AD, Alexandria and Rome), Greek gynecologist, obstetrician, and pediatrician, chief representative of the methodist school of medicine (emphasizing simple rules of practice, based on a theory that attributed all disease to an adverse state of internal pores). His writings set medical opinion concerning women's diseases, pregnancy, and infant care for nearly 1,500 years. Soranus' remarkable work, On Midwifery and the Diseases of Women, includes numerous descriptions of contraceptive measures; he also describes the obstetric chair and podalic version (delivery of the fetus feet first)hailed as new discoveries during the 15th centuryand renders a recognizable account of rickets. His On Acute and Chronic Diseases contains an excellent chapter on nervous disorders, with suggested treatments resembling aspects of modern psychotherapy. A keen observer and a practitioner of unusual competence, Soranus also wrote the oldest known biography of Hippocrates and a treatise on fractures.