STATISTICS: BANGLADESH

Bangladesh Official name: Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh (People's Republic of Bangladesh). Form of government: unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (Parliament ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Dhaka. Official language: Bengali. Official religion: Islam. Monetary unit: 1 Bangladesh taka (Tk) = 100 paisa; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = Tk 47.10; 1 = Tk 80.19. Demography Population (1998): 127,567,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 2,239, persons per sq km 864.5. Urban-rural (1997): urban 20.0%; rural 80.0%. Sex distribution (1996): male 51.72%; female 48.28%. Age breakdown (1996): under 15, 42.0%; 15-29, 26.4%; 30-44, 17.8%; 45-59, 8.9%; 60-74, 3.8%; 75 and over, 1.1%. Population projection: (2000) 131,999,000; (2010) 153,084,000. Doubling time: 48 years. Ethnic composition (1997): Bengali 97.7%; tribal 1.9%, of which Chakma 0.4%, Saontal 0.2%, Marma 0.1%; other 0.4%. Religious affiliation (1991): Muslim 88.3%; Hindu 10.5%; Buddhist 0.6%; Christian 0.3%; other 0.3%. Major cities (1991){2}: Dhaka 6,105,160; Chittagong 2,040,663; Khulna 877,388; Rajshahi 517,136; Mymensingh 185,517{3}. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1997): 26.8 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1997): 12.2 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1997): 14.6 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1997): 3.2. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1995): 10.2. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1981): 3.6. Life expectancy at birth (1997): male 58.0 years; female 58.0 years. Major causes of death (1990; percentage of recorded deaths): typhoid fever 19.8%; old age 14.8%; tetanus 10.1%; tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases 8.7%; diarrhea 6.4%; suicide, accidents, and poisoning 5.1%; high blood pressure and heart diseases 5.0%. National economy Budget (1994-95). Revenue: Tk 216,940,000,000 (revenue receipts 62.9%, of which sales tax 20.2%, customs duties 14.8%, income taxes 9.7%, dividends and profits from public enterprises 7.2%; development receipts 37.1%). Expenditures: Tk 196,084,000,000 (development expenditure 49.0%; employee compensation 22.0%; goods and services 13.8%; transfer payments 12.9%). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): paddy rice 27,000,000, sugarcane 7,446,000, wheat 1,320,000, jute 770,000, bananas 630,000, pulses 545,000, oilseeds 520,000, mangoes 189,000, pineapples 150,000, tea 51,000; livestock (number of live animals) 30,330,000 goats, 24,340,000 cattle, 1,155,000 sheep, 882,000 buffalo, 123,000,000 chickens, 16,200,000 ducks; roundwood (1995) 32,044,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 1,170,365. Mining and quarrying (1995): marine salt 350,000; industrial limestone 23,500. Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$'000,000; 1994): textiles 617; chemicals 473; food products 359; wearing apparel 225; tobacco products 225; electrical machinery 88; paper and paper products 86. Construction: n.a. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 10,010,000,000 (10,010,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) none (198,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 134,000 (8,966,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 1,104,000 (2,006,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 6,635,000,000 (6,635,000,000). Household income. Average household size (1991) 5.6; average annual income per household (1991-92) Tk 40,092 (U.S.$1,061); sources of income (1991-92): self-employment 51.6%, wages and salaries 23.1%, transfer payments 10.3%, other 15.0%; expenditure (1991-92): food and drink 66.6%, housing and rent 10.4%, energy 5.6%, clothing and footwear 4.7%, other 12.7%. Population economically active (1990): total 51,200,000; activity rate of total population 46.9% (participation rates: over age 10, 69.7%; female 39.3%; unemployed 1.0%{4}). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$15,403,000,000. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$31,217,000,000 (U.S.$260 per capita). Land use (1994): forest 14.6%; pasture 4.6%; agriculture 74.5%; other 6.3%. Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$23,000,000; expenditures U.S.$229,000,000. Foreign trade Imports (1994-95): Tk 234,530,000,000 (textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles 22.6%; machinery and transport equipment 12.4%; petroleum and products 6.1%; chemicals 5.9%; cereals and preparations 4.2%; iron and steel 3.5%). Major import sources (1993): Japan 12.5%; India 9.5%; Hong Kong 8.0%; South Korea 6.9%; China 5.1%; Singapore 4.6%; U.S. 4.3%. Exports (1994-95): Tk 131,310,000,000 (ready-made garments 56.6%; jute manufactures 10.4%; fish and prawns 10.1%; hides, skins, and leather 6.7%; fertilizers 2.4%; raw jute 2.0%; tea 1.0%). Major export destinations (1993): Western Europe 40.2%; U.S. 33.6%; Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 4.0%; Hong Kong 2.7%; Japan 2.5%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1994-95): route length 1,681 mi, 2,706 km; passenger-mi 2,508,000,000, passenger-km 4,037,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 521,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 760,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 104,709 mi, 168,513 km (paved 9%). Vehicles (1994): passenger cars 82,198; trucks and buses 104,860. Merchant marine (1992): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 301; total deadweight tonnage 566,775. Air transport (1993-94){5}: passenger-mi 1,763,000,000, passenger-km 2,838,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 82,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 121,000,000; airports with scheduled flights (1997) 8. Education and health Educational attainment (1991). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 65.4%; primary education 17.1%; secondary 13.8%; postsecondary 3.7%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 38.1%; males literate 49.4%; females literate 26.1%. Health (1994): physicians 24,911 (1 per 4,759 persons); hospital beds 35,800 (1 per 3,312 persons); infant mortality rate (1997) 79. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,017 (vegetable products 97%, animal products 3%); 87% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 121,000 (army 83.5%, navy 8.7%, air force 7.8%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 1.7% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$4. {1} Includes 30 seats reserved for women. {2} Metropolitan population. {3} Municipal population. {4} Excluding underemployment. {5} Bangladesh Biman only.