STATISTICS: ECUADOR

Ecuador Official name: Repblica del Ecuador (Republic of Ecuador). Form of government: unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (National Congress ). Head of state and government: President. Capital: Quito. Official language: Spanish. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 Sucre (S/.) = 100 centavos; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = S/. 6,310.00; 1 = S/. 10,742.78. Demography Population (1998): 12,175,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 115.9, persons per sq km 44.8. Urban-rural (1997): urban 62.0%; rural 38.0%. Sex distribution (1997): male 50.23%; female 49.77%. Age breakdown (1997): under 15, 35.4%; 15-29, 29.1%; 30-59, 28.9%; 60 and over, 6.6%. Population projection: (2000) 12,646,000; (2010) 14,899,000. Ethnic composition (1989): Amerindian 40.0%; mestizo 40.0%; white 15.0%; black 5.0%. Religious affiliation (1995): Roman Catholic 93.4%; other 6.6%. Major cities (1997): Guayaquil 1,973,880; Quito 1,487,513; Cuenca 255,028. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1995): 15.8{1} (world avg. 25.0); (1982) legitimate 67.9%; illegitimate 32.1%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1995): 4.4{1} (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995): 11.4{1} (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1994): 3.1. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1992): 6.4{1}{2}. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1992): 0.6{1}{2}. Life expectancy at birth (1994): male 67.5 years; female 72.6 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1995): circulatory diseases 55.1; accidents, poisoning, and violence 29.2; pneumonia 27.2; diabetes mellitus 15.4; neoplasms (cancers) 12.7; parasitic diseases 12.2. National economy Budget (1995). Revenue: S/. 4,972,654,000,000 (income from petroleum 42.8%, indirect taxes 40.1%, direct taxes 17.1%). Expenditures: S/. 4,972,654,000,000 (general administration 48.7%, debt service 16.2%, subsidies 14.5%). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): sugarcane 6,750,000, bananas 5,309,000, rice 1,346,000, corn (maize) 855,000; livestock (live animals) 5,105,000 cattle, 2,621,000 pigs, 1,709,000 sheep, 63,105,000 chickens; roundwood (1995) 10,361,000 cu m; fish catch (1994) 339,915. Mining and quarrying (1994): limestone 1,900,000; gold 7,000 kg. Manufacturing (value added in S/. '000,000; 1994): chemical products 2,115,314; food products 803,936; nonmetallic mineral products 256,750; textiles 226,901. Construction (in S/.; 1992){3}: residential 93,166,704,000; nonresidential 58,102,274,000. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 8,163,000,000 (8,163,000,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 123,998,000 (35,436,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 6,499,000 (5,135,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 204,000,000 (204,000,000). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1990) 4.1; average annual income per household (1995) S/. 9,825,610 (U.S.$3,830); sources of income (1995): self-employment 70.9%, wages 16.0%, transfer payments 6.7%, other 6.4%; expenditure (1995): food and tobacco 37.9%, transportation and communications 15.0%, clothing 9.2%, household furnishings 6.5%, housing and utilities 5.3%, health care 4.6%. Population economically active (1990): total 3,359,767; activity rate of total population 34.8% (participation rates: ages 8 and over, 44.0%; female 26.4%; unemployed 7.1%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$12,435,000,000. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$17,531,000,000 (U.S.$1,500 per capita). Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$255,000,000; expenditures U.S.$235,000,000. Foreign trade{4} Imports (1995): U.S.$4,195,159,000 (machines and transport equipment 40.0%, basic manufactures 18.8%, chemicals 17.4%, food and live animals 6.3%, mineral fuels 5.9%). Major import sources: U.S. 31.2%; Colombia 9.6%; Japan 7.9%; Venezuela 6.1%; Germany 4.7%; Brazil 4.5%. Exports (1995): U.S.$4,321,900,000 (food and live animals 47.6%, mineral fuels 30.2%, basic manufactures 2.7%, crude materials 2.3%). Major export destinations: U.S. 42.7%; Colombia 5.7%; Chile 4.5%; Italy 4.0%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1994): route length 966 km; passenger-km 27,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 9,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 43,106 km (paved 18%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 395,000; trucks and buses 58,650. Air transport (1994): passenger-km 1,410,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 162,000,000; airports (1996) 14. Education and health Educational attainment (1990). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 2.2%; incomplete primary 54.3%; primary 28.0%; postsecondary 15.5%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 90.1%; males 92.0%; females 88.2%. Health: physicians (1993) 12,149 (1 per 904 persons); hospital beds (1992) 17,253 (1 per 623 persons); infant mortality rate (1995) 30.5. Food (1992): daily per capita caloric intake 2,583 (vegetable products 86%, animal products 14%); 113% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1996): 57,100 (army 87.6%, navy 7.2%, air force 5.2%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1994): 3.5% (world 3.0%); per capita expenditure U.S.$49. {1} Excluding nomadic Indian tribes. {2} Based on incomplete registration. {3} Authorized construction in Cuenca, Guayaquil, and Quito only. {4} Import figures are f.o.b. in balance of trade and c.i.f. for commodities and trading partners.