STATISTICS: ESTONIA

Estonia Official name: Eesti Vabariik (Republic of Estonia). Form of government: unitary multiparty republic with a single legislative body (Riigikogu{1} ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Tallinn. Official language: Estonian. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 kroon (EEK) = 100 sents; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = EEK 13.36; 1 = EEK 22.75. Demography Population (1998): 1,447,000. Density (1998){2}: persons per sq mi 88.4, persons per sq km 34.1. Urban-rural (1996): urban 69.4%; rural 30.6%. Sex distribution (1996): male 47.23%; female 52.77%. Age breakdown (1995): under 15, 20.7%; 15-29, 21.0%; 30-44, 21.7%; 45-59, 18.1%; 60-74, 13.8%; 75 and over, 4.7%. Population projection: (2000) 1,421,000; (2010) 1,351,000. Ethnic composition (1994): Estonian 63.9%; Russian 29.0%; Ukrainian 2.7%; Belarusian 1.6%; Finnish 1.0%; other 1.8%. Religious affiliation (1995): Christian 38.1%, of which Estonian Orthodox 19.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 13.7%; other (mostly nonreligious) 61.9%. Major cities (1996): Tallinn 434,763; Tartu 101,901; Narva 75,211; Kohtla-Jrve 68,533; Prnu 51,807. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 9.0 (world avg. 25.0); (1994) legitimate 59.1%; illegitimate 40.9%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 12.9 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): -3.9 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1995): 1.3. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1994): 4.9. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1994): 3.7. Life expectancy at birth (1993): male 62.4 years; female 73.8 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1993): diseases of the circulatory system 792.9, of which ischemic heart diseases 485.6, cerebrovascular disease 255.6; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 225.3; accidents 110.5. National economy Budget (1995). Revenue: EEK 15,952,000,000 (payments for social security and welfare 31.7%, value-added taxes 27.0%, personal income taxes 24.5%, corporate taxes 7.3%). Expenditures: EEK 15,498,000,000 (current expenditure 94.8%, capital expenditure 5.2%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$216,500,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): potatoes 500,000, barley 273,000, oats 100,000, wheat 100,000, rye 70,000, apples 17,000; livestock (number of live animals) 449,000 pigs, 370,400 cattle; roundwood (1996) 3,901,000 cu m; (1995) fish catch 212,000. Mining and quarrying (value of production in EEK '000,000; 1994): oil shale 781; peat 121. Manufacturing (value of production in EEK '000,000; 1994): meat and meat products 1,502; chemicals and chemical products 1,502; dairy products 1,368; fish and fish products 1,156; beverages 1,091; cement, bricks, and tiles 923; wood and wood products (excluding furniture) 922; textiles 908. Construction (value of construction in EEK '000,000; 1994): residential 295; nonresidential 1,836. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 9,152,000,000 (5,288,000,000); oil shale (metric tons; 1994) 16,000,000{3} (16,299,000); coal and coke (metric tons; 1994) none (97,000); crude petroleum, none (n.a.); natural gas (cu m; 1994) none (645,000,000). Population economically active (1995): total 726,700; activity rate of total population 48.7% (participation rates : ages 15-64, 68.5%; female 52.5%; unemployed 3.6%). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1994) 3.1{4}; average net income per household (1994) EEK 46,303 (U.S.$3,681){4}; sources of income (1994){5}: wages and salaries 53.0%, transfers 12.8%, self-employment 5.7%, other 28.5%; expenditure (1994){5}: food and beverages 41.0%, housing 9.6%, transportation 9.2%, clothing and footwear 8.4%. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$4,509,000,000 (U.S.$3,080 per capita). Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$353,000,000; expenditures U.S.$90,000,000. Land use (1994): forest 44.7%; pasture 7.2%; agriculture 32.2%; other 15.9%. Foreign trade{6} Imports (1996): EEK 38,366,000,000 (mineral fuels and chemical products 23.4%, electrical and nonelectrical machinery 21.9%, foodstuffs 15.6%). Major import sources: Finland 36.2%; Russia 12.9%; Germany 8.9%. Exports (1996): EEK 24,618,000,000 (mineral fuels and chemical products 18.1%, foodstuffs 16.1%, textiles and clothing 14.4%, wood and paper products 12.6%). Major export destinations: Finland 18.3%; Russia 16.7%; Sweden 11.4%; Latvia 8.4%; Germany 7.0%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1996): route length 1,018 km; (1995) passenger-km 421,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 3,612,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 14,992 km (paved 54%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 383,000; trucks and buses 96,700. Merchant marine (1992): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 234; (1994) total deadweight tonnage 695,000. Air transport (1996){7}: passenger-km 120,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 762,000; airports (1997) 1. Education and health Educational attainment (1989). Percentage of persons age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 2.2%; primary education 39.0%; secondary 45.1%; higher 13.7%. Literacy (1989): percentage of population age 15 and over literate 99.7%; males literate 99.9%; females literate 99.6%. Health (1994): physicians 4,680 (1 per 319 persons); hospital beds 12,521 (1 per 119 persons); (1996) infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births 12.1. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,836 (vegetable products 65%, animal products 35%); 111% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 3,510 (army 95.4%, navy 4.6%). Military expenditure as a percentage of GNP (1995): 1.1% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$80. {1} Official legislation bans translation of parliament's name. {2} Based on land area only. {3} Estimated figure. {4} Monthly average for December. {5} Annual average. {6} Imports f.o.b. in balance of trade and c.i.f. in commodities and trading partners. {7} Estonian Air.