STATISTICS: ETHIOPIA

Ethiopia Official name: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Form of government: federal republic{1} with two legislative houses (Federal Council ; Council of People's Representatives ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Addis Ababa. Official language: none{2}. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 birr (Br) = 100 cents; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = Br 6.99; 1 = Br 11.90. Demography Population (1998): 58,390,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 133.4, persons per sq km 51.5. Urban-rural (1995): urban 11.5%; rural 88.5%. Sex distribution (1996): male 50.07%; female 49.93%. Age breakdown (1996): under 15, 45.9%; 15-29, 26.6%; 30-44, 14.8%; 45-59, 8.2%; 60-74, 3.7%; 75 and over, 0.8%. Population projection: (2000) 60,967,000; (2010) 74,832,000. Ethnolinguistic composition (1983){3}: Amhara 37.7%; Galla (Oromo) 35.3%; Tigrinya 8.6%; Gurage 3.3%; Ometo (Omotic) 2.7%; Sidamo 2.4%. Religious affiliation (1995): Ethiopian Orthodox 34.1%; Muslim 30.1%; traditional beliefs 12.2%; other Christian 8.3%; other 15.3%. Major cities (1994): Addis Ababa 2,112,737; Dire Dawa 164,851; Harar 131,139; Nazret 127,842; Gonder 112,249. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1995-2000): 48.2 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1995-2000): 16.2 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995-2000): 32.0 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1995-2000): 7.0. Life expectancy at birth (1995-2000): male 48.4 years; female 51.6 years. Major causes of death (1987-88){3}{4}: infectious and parasitic diseases 33.1%; respiratory diseases 15.7%; digestive system diseases 10.7%. National economy Budget (1995-96). Revenue: Br 6,817,300,000 (taxes 69.3%, of which import duties 25.3%, income and profit tax 23.9%, sales tax 14.0%, export duties 1.7%; nontax revenue 30.7%). Expenditures: Br 8,573,200,000 (general services 20.4%; social services 15.9%, of which education 10.6%, public health 3.6%; debt payment 9.8%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$9,483,000,000. Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$36,000,000; expenditures U.S.$25,000,000. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$6,042,000,000 (U.S.$100 per capita). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): corn (maize) 3,250,000, sorghum 1,980,000, wheat 1,970,000, sugarcane 1,600,000, barley 1,570,000, millet 360,000, potatoes 350,000, yams 263,000, coffee 230,000, seed cotton 45,500; livestock (number of live animals) 29,900,000 cattle, 21,700,000 sheep, 16,700,000 goats, 8,580,000 horses, mules, and asses, 1,000,000 camels; roundwood (1995) 48,454,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 6,400. Mining and quarrying (1994){3}: cement 400,000; limestone 200,000; salt 165,000; gold 128,603 troy oz; platinum 48 troy oz. Manufacturing (gross value in Br '000{5}; 1991-92){3}: food and beverages 555,800; textiles 251,400; leather and shoes 162,300; cigarettes 106,000; chemicals 53,400. Construction (authorized; 1987-88){3}{6}: residential 260,251 sq m; nonresidential 63,346 sq m, of which commercial 16,994 sq m. Energy production (consumption){3}: electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 1,284,000,000 (1,284,000,000); coal, none (n.a.); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) n.a. (5,637,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 746,000 (899,000); natural gas, n.a. (n.a.). Land use (1994): forest 13.3%; pasture 20.0%; agriculture 11.0%; other 55.7%. Population economically active (1995): total 24,606,100; activity rate of total population 43.4% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 72.2%; female 41.5%; unemployed {3} 62.9%). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1984){3} 4.5; income per household (1981-82){3} Br 1,728 (U.S.$835); sources of income (1981-82): self-employment 79.5%, wages and salaries 0.2%, other 20.3%; expenditure (1988){3}: food 66.7%, fuel and power 15.9%, clothing and footwear 6.8%, health care 3.1%, education 2.5%, household goods 2.1%. Foreign trade Imports (1994-95): Br 6,546,274,000 (motor vehicles 15.5%, petroleum products 15.2%, food and live animals 13.9%, machinery [including aircraft] 10.9%, metal wares 8.6%, fertilizers 5.3%, textiles 3.5%, pharmaceuticals 3.0%, chemicals 2.7%). Major import sources: Saudi Arabia 15.1%; U.S. 13.0%; Italy 11.1%; Germany 9.6%; Japan 6.1%; U.K. 4.9%. Exports (1994-95): Br 2,834,844,000 (coffee 63.5%, hides 13.2%, pulses 3.6%, petroleum products 3.4%). Major export destinations: Germany 30.8%; Japan 13.0%; Italy 7.6%; Djibouti 6.8%; U.S. 6.0%; France 5.8%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1994-95){7}: length 782 km; passenger-km 151,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 93,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 19,400 km (paved 15%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 45,559; trucks and buses 20,462. Air transport (1996){8}: passenger-km 1,889,029,000; metric ton-km cargo 118,093,000; airports (1997) 31. Education and health Educational attainment: n.a. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 35.5%; males 45.5%; females 25.3%. Health: physicians (1988){3} 1,466 (1 per 30,195 persons); hospital beds (1986-87){3} 11,745 (1 per 3,873 persons); infant mortality rate (1995-2000) 107.0. Food (1992){3}: daily per capita caloric intake 1,610 (vegetable products 93%, animal products 7%); 69% of FAO recommended minimum. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): the estimated strength of Ethiopian armed forces was some 120,000. Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 2.2% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$2. {1} New republic formally established on Aug. 22, 1995. {2} Amharic is the "working" language of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. {3} Includes Eritrea. {4} Percentage of illnesses in a sample population of hospital outpatients. {5} At constant prices of 1978-79. {6} Addis Ababa only. {7} Includes 62 mi (100 km) of the Chemin de Fer Djibouti-Ethiopin (CDE) in Djibouti; excludes 190 mi (306 km) of Northern Ethiopia Railway, not in use since 1978. {8} Ethiopian Airlines only.