STATISTICS: GERMANY

Germany Official name: Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Federal Republic of Germany). Form of government: federal multiparty republic with two legislative houses (Federal Council ; Federal Diet ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Chancellor. Seat of government: Bonn (Berlin is capital designate). Official language: German. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 Deutsche Mark (DM) = 100 Pfennige; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = DM 1.67; 1 = DM 2.84. Demography Population (1998): 82,148,000. Major cities (1995): Berlin 3,470,200; Hamburg 1,706,800; Munich 1,240,600; Cologne 964,200; Frankfurt am Main 651,200; Essen 616,400; Dortmund 600,000; Stuttgart 587,000; Dsseldorf 571,900; Bremen 549,000; Duisburg 535,200; Hannover 524,600; Nrnberg 494,100. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 595.9, persons per sq km 230.1. Urban-rural (1996{1}): urban 86.1%; rural 13.9%. Population projection: (2000) 82,510,000; (2010) 84,346,000. Sex distribution (1996{1}): male 48.68%; female 51.32%. Age breakdown (1996{1}): under 15, 16.2%; 15-19, 19.4%; 30-44, 23.8%; 45-59, 19.6%; 60-74, 14.6%; 75 and over, 6.4%. Doubling time: not applicable; doubling time exceeds 100 years. Ethnic composition (by nationality; 1997{1}): German 91.1%; Turkish 2.5%, of which (1990) Kurdish c. 0.5%, Yugoslav 1.7%; Italian 0.7%; Greek 0.4%; Polish 0.3%; other 3.3%. Religious affiliation: (1995) Lutheran 40.8%, Roman Catholic 33.9%, Muslim 2.1%, other 23.2%. Households (1996). Number of households 37,281,000; average household size 2.2; 1 person 35.4%, 2 persons 32.3%, 3 persons 15.5%, 4 persons 12.2%, 5 or more persons 4.6%. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1995): 9.4 (world avg. 25.0); legitimate 83.9%; illegitimate 16.1%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1995): 10.8 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995): -1.4 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1994): 1.5. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1995): 5.3. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1994): 2.0. Life expectancy at birth (1995): male 73.0 years; female 79.5 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1995): diseases of the circulatory system 525.8; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 260.7, of which bronchial, lung, and tracheal 45.5; diseases of the respiratory system 66.0, of which pneumonia 21.6, chronic bronchitis 14.2; suicide 15.8. Social indicators Educational attainment (1995). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: primary and lower secondary 57.1%; intermediate secondary 18.4%; vocational secondary 7.3%; post-secondary and higher (all levels) 17.2%. Quality of working life. Average workweek (1995): 39.6 hours. Annual rate per 100,000 workers (1993) for: injuries or accidents at work 4,808; deaths, including commuting accidents, 6.7. Proportion of labour force insured for damages of income loss resulting from: injury, virtually 100%; permanent disability, virtually 100%; death, virtually 100%. Average days lost to labour stoppages per 1,000 workers (1996): 4.1. Access to services. Proportion of dwellings (1996) having: electricity, virtually 100%; piped water supply, virtually 100%; flush sewage disposal (1993) 98.4%; public fire protection, virtually 100%. Social participation. Eligible voters participating in last (October 1994) national election 79.1%. Trade union membership in total workforce (1994): c. 27%. Practicing religious population (1994): 5% of Protestants and 25% of Roman Catholics "regularly" attend religious services. Social deviance (1995). Offense rate per 100,000 population for: murder and manslaughter 4.8; sexual abuse 58, of which child molestation 20, rape and forcible sexual assault 14; robbery 78; assault and battery 117; theft 4,712. Incidence per 100,000 in general population (late 1970s) of: alcoholism 2,500-3,000; drug and substance abuse 650; suicide (1995) 15.8. Material well-being (1996; median income){2}. Households possessing: automobile 96.1%; telephone 99.5%; colour television receiver 95.9%; refrigerator 79.3%; washing machine 97.7%; home freezer 72.1%; personal computer 48.8%; video recorder 80.1%. National economy Budget (1996). Revenue: DM 1,753,518,000,000 (taxes 83.9%). Expenditures: DM 1,864,196,000,000 (pensions and other social security payments 33.8%, purchase of current goods and services 22.3%, personnel costs 20.9%). Total national debt (1996): DM 1,372,400,000,000. Production (value of production in DM except as noted; 1995-96). Agriculture, forestry, fishing: cereal grains 5,713,000,000, fruits 3,031,000,000, flowers and ornamental plants 2,655,000,000, sugar beets 2,453,000,000, grapes for wine 2,336,000,000, vegetables 2,055,000,000, potatoes 1,862,000,000, tree nurseries 1,710,000,000, oilseed crops 1,018,000,000; livestock (number of live animals; 1995) 24,377,900 pigs, 15,760,600 cattle, 3,148,000 sheep, 87,695,200 poultry; roundwood (1996) 38,970,000 cu m, of which industrial roundwood 35,175,000 cu m; fish catch (metric tons; 1995) 298,017. Mining and quarrying (metric tons; 1996): potash 34,600,000. Manufacturing (value added at factor cost in DM '000,000; 1994): capital equipment 250,212, of which machinery 88,631, transport equipment 70,647; electrical equipment 64,067; chemicals (including pharmaceuticals) 62,401, food and beverages 39,578; plastics and other synthetic products 28,108; glass and ceramic products 24,094; furniture and other wood products 17,024; paper products 12,608; textiles 8,743; clothing 5,847. Construction (newly completed buildings, sq m; 1995): residential 47,263,000; nonresidential 47,229,000. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 528,221,000,000 (530,558,000,000); hard coal (metric tons; 1994) 57,623,000 (66,255,000); lignite (metric tons; 1994) 207,077,000 (209,308,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 21,535,000 (793,500,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 99,578,000 (113,839,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 20,904,000,000 (92,770,000,000). Gross national product (at current market prices; 1996): U.S.$2,364,632,000,000 (U.S.$28,870 per capita). Population economically active (1996): total 39,985,000; activity rate of total population 48.8% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 71.0%; female 42.9%; unemployed 10.0%). Household income and expenditure. Average annual income per household (1996{2}) DM 82,488 (U.S.$54,816); sources of take-home income: wages 78.8%, self-employment 11.6%, transfer payments 9.6%; expenditure: rent 23.9%, food and beverages 21.2%, transportation 18.0%, entertainment, education, and leisure 11.4%, household operations, durables, and maintenance 7.2%, clothing and footwear 6.4%. Tourism (1996): receipts U.S.$15,787,500,000; expenditures U.S.$49,557,600,000. Land use (1994): forest 30.6%; pasture 15.1%; agriculture 19.9%; other 34.4% Foreign trade Imports (1996): DM 669,060,500,000 (machinery and transport equipment 33.4%, of which road transport equipment 9.9%, electrical machinery other than office equipment 6.7%, office equipment and computers 4.4%; chemicals and chemical products 8.6%, of which organic chemical products 2.0%, unfabricated plastics 1.6%; food and beverages 7.8%, of which fruits and vegetables 2.7%, meat and meat products 1.2%, coffee, tea, and cocoa 0.9%; mineral fuels 7.7%, of which crude petroleum and petroleum products 5.3%, natural gas 1.9%; clothing 6.4%; iron and steel 2.6%; furniture 1.5%). Major import sources: France 10.3%; The Netherlands 8.3%; Italy 8.0%; U.S. 7.1%; U.K. 6.6%; Belgium 6.1%; Japan 4.9%; Switzerland 3.8%; Austria 3.7%. Exports (1996): DM 771,913,400,000 (machinery and transport equipment 49.6%, of which road transport equipment 16.4%, electrical machinery other than office equipment 7.9%, office equipment 2.4%; chemicals and chemical products 13.1%, of which organic chemical products 2.6%, unfabricated plastics 2.3%). Major export destinations: France 10.9%; U.K. 8.0%; U.S. 7.8%; The Netherlands 7.4%; Italy 7.4%; Belgium-Luxembourg 6.2%; Austria 5.6%; Switzerland 4.9%; Spain 3.6%; Japan 2.7%; Sweden 2.4%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): length 49,094 mi, 80,297 km; passengers carried 1,656,000,000; passenger-mi 39,507,000,000, passenger-km 63,581,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 48,537,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 70,863,000,000. Roads (1996): total length 142,207 mi, 228,860 km (paved 99%). Vehicles (1997{1}): passenger cars 41,045,200; trucks and buses 2,381,500. Merchant marine (1995): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 1,476; total deadweight tonnage 5,721,000. Air transport (1995): passengers carried 34,584,000; passenger-mi 39,883,016,000, passenger-km 64,185,615,000; short ton-mi cargo 3,997,192,000, metric ton-km cargo 5,835,802,000; airports (1997) 35. Health Health (1996): physicians 279,335 (1 per 293 persons); dentists 61,404 (1 per 1,334 persons); hospital beds (1995) 628,658 (1 per 130 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births 5.3. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 3,265 (vegetable products 68%, animal products 32%); 123% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 347,100 (army 69.6%, navy 8.1%, air force 22.3%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 1.9% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$496. {1} January 1. {2} Former West Germany only.