STATISTICS: GHANA

Ghana Official name: Republic of Ghana. Form of government: unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (House of Parliament ). Head of state and government: President. Capital: Accra. Official language: English. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 cedi ( ) = 100 pesewas; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = 2,325; 1 = 3,958. Demography Population (1998): 18,497,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 200.8, persons per sq km 77.5. Urban-rural (1996): urban 36.8%; rural 63.2%. Sex distribution (1996): male 49.66%; female 50.34%. Age breakdown (1990): under 15, 46.8%; 15-29, 26.2%; 30-44, 14.4%; 45-59, 8.0%; 60-74, 3.8%; 75 and over, 0.8%. Population projection: (2000) 19,272,000; (2010) 22,929,000. Doubling time: 23 years. Ethnolinguistic composition (1983): Akan 52.4%, Mossi 15.8%; Ewe 11.9%; Ga-Adangme 7.8%; Gurma 3.3%; Yoruba 1.3%; other 7.5%. Religious affiliation (1991-92): Christian 64.1%, of which African Christian 29.3%, Protestant 20.1%, Roman Catholic 14.7%; traditional beliefs 17.6%; Muslim 14.4%; other 3.9%. Major cities (1988{1}): Accra 949,100; Kumasi 385,200; Tamale 151,100; Tema 110,000; Sekondi-Takoradi 103,600. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1990-95): 41.7 (world avg. 25.0); legitimate, n.a.; illegitimate, n.a. Death rate per 1,000 population (1990-95): 11.7 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1990-95): 30.0 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1993): 5.9. Life expectancy at birth (1993): male 53.3 years; females 57.2 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population: n.a.; however, principal infectious diseases as a percentage of outpatients (1989): malaria 43.8%, respiratory infections (including tuberculosis) 8.0%, diarrheal diseases 6.7%, intestinal worms 3.1%. National economy Budget (1995). Revenue: 1,690,791,000,000 (import-export duties 29.6%, of which cocoa export duty 11.5%{2}; excise and value-added taxes 21.5%, of which petroleum tax 13.2%; income taxes 16.3%; divestiture of government assets 6.6%). Expenditures: 1,697,893,000,000 (1994; education 22.3%; debt service 20.1%; health 6.9%; transportation and communications 5.3%; social security and welfare 3.6%; defense 2.9%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$4,684,000,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1997): roots and tubers 10,500,000 (of which cassava 6,800,000, yams 2,250,000, taro 1,450,000), cereals 1,770,000 (of which corn 1,000,000, sorghum 350,000, rice 220,000, millet 200,000), bananas and plantains 1,804,000, cacao 350,000, coconuts 240,000, tomatoes 160,000, peanuts (groundnuts) 135,000, sugarcane 110,000, oranges 50,000, palm kernels 34,000, lemons and limes 30,000, pulses 20,000; livestock (number of live animals) 2,200,000 goats, 2,100,000 sheep, 1,150,000 cattle, 395,000 pigs, 13,300,000 chickens; roundwood (1996) 26,473,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 344,460 (of which anchovies 65,497). Mining and quarrying (1996): bauxite 383,370; manganese ore 266,420; gold 50,079 kg; diamonds 773,126 carats. Manufacturing (value added in ; 1993): tobacco 71,474,700,000; footwear 60,350,600,000; chemical products 40,347,600,000; beverages 36,167,000,000; metal products 35,121,700,000; petroleum products 32,143,500,000; textiles 18,278,600,000; machinery and transport equipment 9,525,700,000. Construction (value added in ; 1994) 171,129,000,000. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 6,167,000,000 (5,857,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) none (3,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) none (7,498,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 921,000 (1,100,000); natural gas, none (n.a.). Tourism (1994): receipts U.S.$228,000,000; expenditures U.S.$20,000,000. Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1984) 4.9; average annual income per household (1978) 9,600 (U.S.${3}); sources of income: n.a.; expenditure (1978): food 57.4%, clothing 14.3%, housing 11.5%, transportation and communications 3.3%, health care 1.3%. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$6,223,000,000 (U.S.$360 per capita). Population economically active (1984): total 5,580,104; activity rate of total population 45.4% (participation rates: over age 15, 82.5%; female 51.2%; unemployed 2.8%). Land use (1994): forest 42.2%; pasture 36.9%; agriculture 19.0%; other 1.9%. Foreign trade Imports (1994): U.S.$1,579,900,000 (1987; machinery 28.1%; mineral fuels 14.0%; chemicals 12.0%; food 5.2%). Major import sources: Germany 13.7%; U.K. 12.1%; U.S. 11.7%; France 5.4%; Italy 4.8%. Exports (1994): U.S.$1,226,800,000 (gold 44.7%; food 26.3%, of which cocoa 26.1%; logs and sawn timber 13.5%; electricity 4.6%; diamonds 1.7%). Major export destinations: U.K. 15.5%; Italy 7.9%; Japan 6.7%; U.S. 6.6%; Germany 5.5%; France 4.0%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1993): route length 592 mi, 953 km; passenger-mi 731,400,000, passenger-km 1,177,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 93,906,000, metric ton-km cargo 137,100,000. Roads (1994): total length 24,000 mi, 38,700 km (paved 40%). Vehicles (1994): passenger cars 86,200; trucks and buses 130,000. Merchant marine (1992): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 155; total deadweight tonnage 130,977. Air transport (1996){4}: passenger-mi 407, 073,000, passenger-km 655,122,000; short ton-mi cargo 20,239,000, metric ton-km cargo 29,549,000; airports (1996) with scheduled flights 1. Education and health Educational attainment (1984). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 60.4%; primary education 7.1%; middle school 25.4%; secondary 3.5%; vocational and other postsecondary 2.9%; higher 0.6%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 6,160,000 (64.5%); males literate 3,570,000 (75.9%); females literate 1,850,000 (53.5%). Health: physicians (1994) 735 (1 per 22,970 persons); hospital beds (1994) 26,455 (1 per 638 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1994) 83. Food (1996): daily per capita caloric intake 2,622 (vegetable products 96%, animal products 4%): 114% of FAO minimum recommended requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 7,000 (army 71.4%, navy 14.3%, air force 14.3%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 1.4% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$5. {1} January 1. {2} 1994. {3} Unofficial 1978 exchange rate (7.5 to 9.9 times the official rate) does not permit meaningful conversion into other currencies. {4} Ghana Airways only.