STATISTICS: ITALY

Italy Official name: Repubblica Italiana (Italian Republic). Form of government: republic with two legislative houses (Senate ; Chamber of Deputies ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Rome. Official language: Italian. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 lira (Lit, plural lire) = 100 centesimi; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = Lit 1,652; 1 = Lit 2,813. Demography Population (1998): 57,650,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 495.6, persons per sq km 191.4. Urban-rural (1996{2}): urban 67.0%; rural 33.0%. Sex distribution (1996): male 48.62%; female 51.38%. Age breakdown (1996{2}): under 15, 14.9%; 15-29, 21.9%; 30-44, 21.7%; 45-59, 19.0%; 60-74, 15.8%; 75 and over, 6.7%. Population projection: (2000) 57,903,000; (2010) 56,484,000. Doubling time: not applicable; population stable. Ethnolinguistic composition (1983): Italian 94.1%; Sardinian 2.7%; Rhaetian 1.3%; other 1.9%. Religious affiliation (1996): Roman Catholic 81.7%; nonreligious 13.6%; Muslim 1.2%; other 3.5%. Major cities (1996{2}{3}): Rome 2,654,187; Milan 1,306,494; Naples 1,050,234; Turin 923,106; Palermo 689,301; Genoa 659,116; Bologna 386,491; Florence 383,594; Catania 341,623; Bari 336,560; Venice 298,915. National origin (1991): Italian 99.3%; foreign-born 0.7%, of which European 0.3%, African 0.2%, Asian 0.1%, other 0.1%. Mobility (1991). Population living in the same commune as in 1986: 93.3%; another commune, same province 3.4%; different province 2.5%; abroad 0.8%. Households. Average household size (1991) 2.7; composition of households: 1 person 19.5%, 2 persons 21.9%, 3 persons 25.2%, 4 persons 21.4%, 5 or more persons 12.0%. Family households (1991): 15,538,335 (73.8%); nonfamily 5,527,105 (26.2%), of which one-person 19.5%. Immigration (1993): immigrants 100,401, from Europe 54.2%, of which EC countries 17.6%; Asia 16.4%; Africa 15.3%; Western Hemisphere 13.4%. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 9.2 (world avg. 25.0); (1994) legitimate 90.2%; illegitimate 9.8%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 9.5 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 0.3 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 1.2. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1996): 4.7. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1994): 0.5. Life expectancy at birth (1993): male 74.1 years; female 80.5 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1993): diseases of the circulatory system 423.7; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 270.5; diseases of the respiratory system 56.2; accidents and violence 49.8; diseases of the digestive system 49.8. Social indicators Educational attainment (1995). Percentage of labour force age 15 and over having: basic Literacy or primary education 40.4%; secondary 30.5%; postsecondary technical training 5.1%; some college 19.2%; college degree 4.3%. Quality of working life. Average workweek (1995): 37.0 hours. Annual rate per 100,000 workers (1988) for: injury or accident 3,697; death 5.7. Percentage of labour force insured for damages or income loss (1992) resulting from: injury 100%; permanent disability 100%; death 100%. Number of working days lost to labour stoppages per 1,000 workers (1995): 35. Average duration of journey to work: n.a. Rate per 1,000 workers of discouraged (unemployed no longer seeking work; 1990): 1.1. Material well-being. Rate per 1,000 of population possessing (1995): telephone 434; automobile 550; television 436. Social participation. Eligible voters participating in last national election (April 21, 1996): 91.0%. Trade union membership in total workforce (1990): c. 28%. Social deviance (1995). Offense rate per 100,000 population for: murder 2.5; rape 3.2; assault 210.4; theft, including burglary and housebreaking 3,274. Access to services (1991). Nearly 100% of dwellings have access to electricity, a safe water supply, and toilet facilities. Leisure (1992). Favourite leisure activities (as percentage of household spending on culture): sporting events 17.8%; cinema 16.3%; theatre 14.0%. National economy Gross national product (1996): U.S.$1,140,484,000,000 (U.S.$19,880 per capita). Budget (1995). Revenue: Lit 472,066,000,000,000 (income taxes 41.0%, of which individual 35.1%, corporate 5.9%; value-added and excise taxes 30.6%). Expenditures: Lit 696,860,000,000,000 (debt service 27.5%; social security 18.4%; education 9.1%; transportation 4.7%; defense 2.8%). Public debt (1996): U.S.$1,440,200,000,000. Tourism (1996): receipts U.S.$28,245,200,000; expenditures U.S.$12,681,500,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1997): sugar beets 13,000,000, grapes 9,459,000, corn (maize) 8,500,000, wheat 7,610,000, tomatoes 4,000,000, olives 2,452,000, potatoes 2,120,000, apples 2,071,000, oranges 1,973,000, peaches and nectarines 1,742,000, rice 1,424,000, barley 1,170,000; livestock (number of live animals) 10,531,000 sheep, 7,964,000 pigs, 7,018,000 cattle, 130,000,000 chickens; roundwood (1995) 9,802,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 609,768. Mining and quarrying (1995): rock salt 3,430,374; feldspar 2,199,315; potash 1,438,850{4}; barite 85,661; zinc 43,669; lead 22,658. Manufacturing (1995): cement 33,714,914; crude steel 27,635,287; pig iron 11,677,789; glass 3,981,104; sulfuric acid 2,161,796; textiles 1,172,916; wine 62,618,000 hectolitres{4}; beer 10,616,173 hectolitres; olive oil 6,290,000 hectolitres{4}; 6,995,818 washing machines; 5,908,224 refrigerators; 2,913,468 motorized road vehicles, of which 1,372,034 automobiles, 824,597 motorcycles 245,527 trucks and buses; 2,779,827 colour televisions. Construction (1995): residential 77,162,182 cu m; commercial 64,729,419 cu m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 231,783,000,000 (269,382,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 267,000 (16,672,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 33,422,000 (582,644,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 83,049,000 (89,500,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 20,209,000,000 (48,326,000,000). Population economically active (1995): total 22,734,000; activity rate of total population 39.7% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 57.3% female 37.3%; unemployed 11.3%). Household income and expenditure (1995). Average household size 2.7; average annual income per household (1984) Lit 19,692,000 (U.S.$11,208); sources of income (1991): salaries and wages 41.7%, property income and self-employment 38.0%, transfer payments 20.3%; expenditure (1994); food and beverages 21.7%, housing 19.5%, transportation and communications 16.8%, recreation and education 6.4%. Land use (1994): forest 23.0%; pasture 15.4%; agriculture 37.9%; other 23.7%. Foreign trade Imports (1994): Lit 332,409,083,000,000 (machinery and transport equipment 30.7%, of which transport equipment 11.3%, precision machinery 5.7%; chemicals 16.2%; metal 9.9%; food 6.4%; petroleum 4.5%; textiles 4.0%). Major import sources: Germany 19.2%; France 13.9%; U.K. 6.1%; The Netherlands 5.5%; Belgium-Luxembourg 4.8%; U.S. 4.8%. Exports (1995): Lit 376,785,707,000,000 (machinery and transport equipment 42.0%, of which transport equipment 11.2%, electrical machinery 5.2%, precision machinery 3.7%; chemicals 10.3%; textiles 7.8%; wearing apparel 7.3%, of which shoes 2.6%; metal and processed metal 6.7%). Major export destinations: Germany 18.9%; France 13.1%; U.S. 7.2%; U.K. 6.2%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): length 9,944 mi, 16,003 km; passenger-mi 30,882,000,000, passenger-km 49,700,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 28,499,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 41,608,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 195,334 mi, 314,360 km (paved 100%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 31,700,000; trucks and buses 5,127,000. Merchant marine (1994): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 1,966; total deadweight tonnage 7,149,453. Air transport (1993): passenger-mi 18,429,000,000, passenger-km 29,658,600,000; short ton-mi cargo 914,300,000, metric ton-km cargo 1,334,900,000; airports (1997) 34. Education and health Literacy (1991): total population age 14 and over literate 47,376,663 (97.7%); males literate 22,897,907 (98.8%); females literate 24,478,756 (97.1%). Health (1993): physicians 207,319 (1 per 193 persons); hospital beds 380,423 (1 per 147 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1996) 6.0. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 3,458 (vegetable products 74%, animal products 26%); 137% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 325,150 (army 57.9%, navy 13.5%, air force 19.6%, central staff 9.0%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 1.8% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$338. {1} Includes 11 nonelective seats. {2} January 1. {3} Resident population only. {4} 1993.