STATISTICS: MYANMAR

Myanmar (Burma) Official name: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (Union of Myanmar). Form of government: military regime. Head of state and government: Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council. Capital: Yangn (Rangoon). Official language: Burmese. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 Myanmar kyat (K) = 100 pyas; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = K 6.25; 1 = K 10.64{1}. Demography Population (1998): 47,305,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 181.1, persons per sq km 69.9. Urban-rural (1997): urban 27.0%; rural 73.0%. Sex distribution (1993): male 49.72%; female 50.28%. Age breakdown (1990): under 15, 36.0%; 15-29, 29.7%; 30-44, 17.8%; 45-59, 10.1%; 60-74, 5.3%; 75 and over, 1.1%. Population projection: (2000) 48,852,000; (2010) 56,573,000. Doubling time: 40 years. Ethnic composition (1983): Burman 69.0%; Shan 8.5%; Karen 6.2%; Rakhine 4.5%; Mon 2.4%; Chin 2.2%; Kachin 1.4%; other 5.8%. Religious affiliation (1990): Buddhist 89.1%; Christian 4.9%; Muslim 3.8%; other 2.2%. Major cities (1983): Yangn (Rangoon) 2,513,023; Mandalay 532,949; Moulmein (Mawlamyine) 219,961; Pegu (Bago) 150,528; Bassein (Pathein) 144,096. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1997): 27.4 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1997): 9.9 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1997): 17.5 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1997): 3.3. Marriage rate per 1,000 population: n.a. Divorce rate per 1,000 population: n.a. Life expectancy at birth (1997): male 58.0 years; female 62.0 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1987): infectious and parasitic diseases 29.5; respiratory diseases 14.8; circulatory diseases 10.0; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 7.9; malnutrition 2.2. National economy Budget (1994-95). Revenue: K 32,029,000,000 (revenue from taxes 62.7%, of which taxes on goods and services 28.5%, taxes on international trade 13.2%; nontax revenue 35.4%; capital revenue 1.9%). Expenditures: K 48,021,000,000 (defense 36.8%; transportation 13.5%; education 11.7%; agriculture 10.3%; health 4.0%; social security and welfare 3.6%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$4,804,000,000. Tourism: receipts from visitors (1995) U.S.$38,000,000; expenditures by nationals abroad (1992) U.S.$16,000,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): rice 20,865,000, sugarcane 3,132,000, pulses 1,289,000, peanuts (groundnuts) 568,000, sesame seeds 351,000, plantains 285,000, corn (maize) 247,000, seed cotton 214,000; livestock (number of live animals) 10,121,000 cattle, 4,710,000 ducks, 3,229,000 pigs, 2,266,000 buffalo, 1,492,000 sheep and goats, 27,600,000 chickens; roundwood (1995) 23,281,000 cu m; fish catch (1994) 824,468. Mining and quarrying (1995-96): gypsum 35,481; copper concentrates 19,060; refined lead 1,512; tin concentrates 473; jade 261; refined silver 112,270 troy oz. Manufacturing (1994): cement 469,582; urea 149,000; sugar 47,600; washing soap 36,431; noodles 25,065; stationery paper 14,315; cotton fabrics 10,804,000 metres; cigarettes 440,000,000 units; gunny-bags 26,769,000 units; glass bottles 16,268,000 units. Construction (units; 1987-88){2}: residential 1,193; nonresidential 1,483. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 3,500,000,000 (3,500,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 76,000 (78,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 4,817,000 (6,893,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 757,000 (921,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 1,359,000,000 (1,359,000,000). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1994) 5.6; average annual income per household: n.a.; sources of income: n.a.; expenditure (1994){3}: food and beverages 67.1%, fuel and lighting 6.6%, transportation 4.0%, charitable contributions 3.1%, medical care 3.1%. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$119,334,000,000 (U.S.$2,610 per capita). Population economically active (1995-96): total 18,766,000; activity rate of total population 41.2% (participation rates: ages 15-64 64.2%; female 35.3%; unemployed 6.2%). Land use (1994): forested 49.3%; meadows and pastures 0.5%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 15.3%; other 34.9%. Foreign trade{4} Imports (1994-95): K 8,332,000,000 (machinery and transport equipment 31.8%; basic manufactures 17.5%; chemicals 7.3%; animal and vegetable oils 9.7%; food and live animals 5.6%). Major import sources: Japan 23.6%; Singapore 14.6%; China 12.2%; Thailand 10.0%; Malaysia 9.4%; South Korea 4.7%; Indonesia 3.9%. Exports (1994-95): K 5,405,000,000 (food and live animals 50.6%; inedible crude materials 28.2%; basic manufactures 4.6%). Major export destinations: Singapore 16.4%; Indonesia 15.6%; India 12.9%; Thailand 10.0%; China 5.1%; Hong Kong 5.0%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995-96): track length (1994) 5,060 km; passenger-km 4,894,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 880,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 27,600 km (paved 12%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 44,000; trucks and buses 42,000. Air transport (1995-96): passenger-km 438,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 3,212,000; airports (1996) 19. Education and health Educational attainment (1983). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 55.8%; primary education 39.4%; secondary 4.6%; religious 0.1%; postsecondary 0.1%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 83.1%; males literate 88.7%; females literate 77.7%. Health: physicians (1993-94) 12,245 (1 per 3,554 persons); hospital beds (1992-93) 27,830 (1 per 1,586 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1997) 79. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,752 (vegetable products 96%, animal products 4%); 127% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1996): 321,000 (army 93.5%, navy 3.7%, air force 2.8%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1992): 4.0% (world 3.6%); per capita expenditure (1994) U.S.$57. {1} Official exchange rate; black market exchange rate (July 15, 1998): 1 U.S.$ = K 350; 1 = K 575. {2} Construction Corporation activity only. {3} Yangn only. {4} Import figures are f.o.b. in balance of trade and c.i.f. in commodities and trading partners.