STATISTICS: PERU

Peru Official name: Repblica del Per (Spanish) (Republic of Peru). Form of government{1}: unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (Congress ). Head of state and government: President. Capital: Lima. Official languages: Spanish; Quechua; Aymara. Official religion: Roman Catholicism. Monetary unit{2}: 1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 cntimos; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = S/. 3.04; 1 = S/. 5.18. Demography Population (1998): 24,801,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 50.0, persons per sq km 19.3. Urban-rural (1995): urban 71.2%; rural 28.8%. Sex distribution (1995): male 49.67%; female 50.33%. Age breakdown (1995): under 15, 35.9%; 15-29, 29.0%; 30-44, 18.2%; 45-59, 10.2%; 60-74, 5.3%; 75 and over, 1.4%. Population projection: (2000) 25,662,000; (2010) 30,506,000. Ethnic composition (1981): Quechua 47.1%; mestizo 32.0%; white 12.0%; Aymara 5.4%; other Amerindian 1.7%; other 1.8%. Religious affiliation (1995): Roman Catholic 88.8%; Protestant 6.7%; other Christian 1.5%; other 3.0%. Major cities (1993): metropolitan Lima 5,706,127; Arequipa 619,156; Callao 615,046; Trujillo 509,312; Chiclayo 411,536. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1995-2000): 24.9 (world avg. 25.0); (1977) legitimate 57.8%; illegitimate 42.2%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1995-2000): 6.4 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995-2000): 18.5 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1995-2000): 3.0. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1993): 4.1{3}. Life expectancy at birth (1995-2000): male 65.9 years; female 70.9 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1989): diseases of the circulatory system 115.3; respiratory diseases 100.2; infectious diseases 84.5; malignant neoplasms 72.9; accidents, poisoning, and violence 53.6. National economy Budget (1995). Revenue: S/. 21,048,000,000 (taxes on goods and services 45.9%; income taxes 15.9%; nontax revenue 11.2%; social security contributions 10.1%; import duties 9.4%). Expenditures: S/. 24,649,000,000 (current expenditure 82.7%, of which transfer payments 35.7%, interest payments 15.4%, wages and salaries 15.0%; capital expenditure 17.3%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$20,415,000,000. Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$520,000,000; expenditures U.S.$302,000,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): sugarcane 6,600,000, potatoes 2,265,000, rice 1,203,000, plantains 1,060,000, corn (maize) 1,054,000, cassava 547,000, seed cotton 269,000; livestock (number of live animals) 12,502,000 sheep, 4,629,000 cattle, 2,490,000 pigs, 79,089,000 chickens; roundwood (1995) 12,580,000 cu m; fish catch (1994) 11,587,339. Mining and quarrying (1995): iron ore 3,835,000; zinc 689,000; copper 405,000; lead 233,000; silver 1,908. Manufacturing (value in S/. '000,000{4}; 1995): processed foods 214.6; base metal products 164.6; industrial chemicals 114.2; wood products 77.6; textiles 71.8. Construction (value in S/. '000,000{4}; 1992): residential 22.4; nonresidential 14.6. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 15,163,000,000 (15,163,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 109,000 (406,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 47,000,000 (54,000,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 7,227,000 (5,798,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 191,000,000 (191,000,000). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1993) 5.1; income per household (1988) I/. 1,086,620{2} (U.S.$2,173); sources of income (1988): business income 65.1%, wages 31.2%, transfers 3.7%; expenditure (1990): food 29.4%, recreation and education 13.2%, household durables 10.1%, clothing and footwear 8.5%, transportation 7.5%, health 7.0%, other 24.3%. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$58,671,000,000 (U.S.$2,420 per capita). Population economically active (1995): total 8,906,009; activity rate of total population 37.8% (participation rates: over age 15, 59.1%; female 34.7%; unemployed 7.1%). Land use (1994): forest 66.3%; pasture 21.2%; agricultural 3.2%; other 9.3%. Foreign trade Imports (1995): U.S.$7,583,860,000 (raw and intermediate materials 31.2%, machinery 22.7%, transport equipment 14.8%, consumer goods 12.1%). Major import sources: U.S. 25.2%; Colombia 8.1%; Japan 7.0%; Brazil 5.6%. Exports (1995): U.S.$4,976,782,000 (copper and copper products 23.0%, fish meal fodder 13.3%, zinc products 6.9%, coffee 5.3%, petroleum and derivatives 4.9%, lead products 4.2%, clothing and accessories 3.7%, textile yarn and fabric 3.2%). Major export destinations: U.S. 18.7%; Japan 9.2%; China 7.0%; Germany 6.4%; The Netherlands 5.6%; Italy 5.0%, Brazil 4.0%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1993): route length 2,121 km; passenger-km 165,304,000; metric ton-km cargo 884,352,000. Roads (1995): total length 71,400 km (paved 11%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 505,766; trucks and buses 338,871. Air transport (1995): passenger-km 2,470,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 259,000,000; airports (1996) 27. Education and health Educational attainment (1993). Percentage of population age 15 and over having: no formal schooling 12.3%; less than primary education 0.3%; primary 31.5%; secondary 35.5%; higher 20.4%. Literacy (1993): total population age 15 and over literate 12,108,699 (87.2%); males 6,330,056 (92.9%); females 5,778,643 (81.7%). Health (1992): physicians 20,124 (1 per 1,116 persons); hospital beds 44,100 (1 per 509 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1995-2000) 50.1. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,277 (vegetable products 83%, animal products 17%); 97% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1996): 125,000 (army 68.0%, navy 20.0%, air force 12.0%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 1.7% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$42. {1} A new constitution promulgated in December 1993 replaced the 1980 constitution, which was suspended in April 1992. {2} A new currency, the nuevo sol, was introduced in January 1991, replacing the inti (abbrev.: I/.) at the rate of one million intis for one nuevo sol. {3} Excludes Indian jungle population; based on incomplete information. {4} At 1979 prices.