STATISTICS: POLAND

Poland Official name: Rzeczpospolita Polska (Republic of Poland). Form of government: unitary multiparty republic with two legislative houses (Senate ; Diet ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Warsaw. Official language: Polish. Official religion: none{1}. Monetary unit: 1 zloty (Zl){2} = 100 groszy; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = Zl 3.55; 1 = Zl 6.04. Demography Population (1998): 38,665,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 320.3, persons per sq km 123.7. Urban-rural (1996): urban 61.8; rural 38.2%. Sex distribution (1997): male 48.63%; female 51.37%. Age breakdown (1997): under 15, 21.4%; 15-29, 22.9%; 30-44, 22.6%; 45-59, 17.0%; 60-74, 12.2%; 75 and over, 3.9%. Population projection: (2000) 38,684,000; (2010) 39,969,000. Ethnic composition (1995): Polish 97.6%; Ukrainian 0.6%; other 1.8%. Religious affiliation (1995): Roman Catholic 90.7%; Orthodox and other 9.3%. Major cities (1996{3}): Warsaw 1,638,300; Ldz 825,600; Krakw 745,400. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1997): 10.0 (world avg. 25.0); (1985) legitimate 95.0%; illegitimate 5.0%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1997): 10.0 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1997): 0.0 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1997): 1.4. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1996): 5.3. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1995): 1.0. Life expectancy at birth (1997): male 68.3 years; female 76.9 years, Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1994): diseases of the circulatory system 512.7; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 201.0; accidents, poisoning, and violence 75.4; diabetes mellitus 14.2; infectious and parasitic diseases 6.8. National economy Budget (1996). Revenue: Zl 100,171,200,000 (income tax 37.8%, value-added tax 25.7%, excise tax 18.1%). Expenditures: Zl 109,671,200,000 (current expenditure 50.6%, interest on debts 16.4%, social benefits 15.8%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$39,217,000,000. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$124,682,000,000 (U.S.$3,230 per capita). Production (metric tons except at noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1995): (value of production in Zl '000,000) potatoes 6,606, wheat 3,055, rye 1,421, sugar beets 1,075; livestock (number of live animals; 1997) 18,152,000 pigs, 7,306,000 cattle; roundwood 19,334,000 cu m; fish catch 451,346. Mining and quarrying (1996): electrolytic cooper 425,000; zinc 165,000; lead 66,000. Manufacturing (value of production in Zl '000,000; 1995): food and beverages 52,558; machinery and transport equipment 33,372; chemicals 16,360. Construction (1995): 61,000 units, of which residential 31,100. Energy production (consumption): electricity ('000,000 kW-hr; 1994) 135,347 (132,668); coal ('000 metric tons; 1994) 200,700 (171,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 2,107,000 (99,757,000); petroleum products ('000 metric tons; 1994) 12,625 (13,807); natural gas ('000,000 cu m; 1994) 4,079 (10,908). Population economically active (1995): total 17,004,000; activity rate of total population 44.0% (participation rates: over age 15, 66.9%; female 45.9%; unemployed 14.3%). Household income and expenditure (1995). Average household size 3.1; average annual income Zl 8,431 (U.S.$2,990); sources of income: wages 55.7%, social security benefits 32.5% (of which pensions 26.6%), self-employment 6.9%, other 4.9%; expenditure: food 39.7%, housing 20.6%, clothing 7.0%. Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$6,700,000,000; expenditures U.S.$5,500,000,000. Land use (1994): forest 28.8%; meadow 13.3%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 47.0%; other 10.9%. Foreign trade Imports (1996): Zl 100,231,000,000 (1995; machinery and transport equipment 29.9%, manufactured goods 21.6%, chemicals 15.0%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 9.3%, mineral fuels and lubricants 9.1%, food 8.0%). Major import sources (1995): Germany 26.6%; Italy 8.5%; Russia 6.7%; U.K. 5.2%. Exports (1996): Zl 65,819,000,000 (1995; manufactured goods 27.6%, machinery and transport equipment 21.1%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 20.9%, food 9.2%, mineral fuels and lubricants 8.2%, chemicals 7.7%). Major export destinations (1995): Germany 38.3%; The Netherlands 5.6%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1996): length 23,986 km; passenger-km 26,635,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 69,116,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 372,479 km (paved 65%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 7,517,300; trucks and buses 1,472,300. Merchant marine (1992): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 644; total deadweight tonnage 4,314,308. Air transport (1996): passenger-km 4,633,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 74,000,000; airports (1997) 8. Education and health Educational attainment (1988). Percentage of population age 15 and over having: no formal schooling or less than full primary education 6.4%; primary 38.8%; secondary 48.3%; higher 6.5%. Literacy (1988): 98.7%. Health (1996): physicians 88,523 (1 per 436 persons); hospital beds 213,969 (1 per 180 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1997) 14.0. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 3,307 (vegetable products 72%, animal products 28%); 126% of FAO recommended minimum. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 241,750 (army 70%, navy 7%, air force 23%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 2.3% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$127. {1} The 1997 Constitution of Poland specifies freedom of religion; the 1997 concordat with Vatican City (signed unilaterally by the Polish prime minister in May 1997), however, provides special recognition to Roman Catholicism. {2} On Jan. 1, 1995, the zloty was redenominated at a rate of 10,000 old zloty to 1 new zloty. {3} January 1.