STATISTICS: ROMANIA

Romania Official name: Romnia (Romania). Form of government: unitary republic with two legislative houses (Senate ; Assembly of Deputies ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Bucharest. Official language: Romanian. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 Romanian leu (plural lei) = 100 bani; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = 9,098 lei; 1 = 15,488 lei. Demography Population (1998): 22,491,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 245.3, persons per sq km 94.7. Urban-rural (1995): urban 55.4%; rural 44.6%. Sex distribution (1995): male 49.27%; female 50.73%. Age breakdown (1995): under 15, 20.4%; 15-29, 25.0%; 30-44, 20.5%; 45-59, 16.9%; 60-74, 13.6%; 75 and over, 3.6%. Population projection: (2000) 22,374,000; (2010) 22,371,000. Ethnic composition (1992): Romanian 90.7%; Hungarian 7.2%; other 2.1%. Religious affiliation (1992): Romanian Orthodox 86.8%; Roman Catholic 5.1%; Greek Orthodox 1.0%; Pentecostal 1.0%; Muslim 0.2%; other 5.9%. Major cities (1994): Bucharest 2,080,363; Constanta 348,575; Iasi 339,889; Timisoara 327,830; Galati 326,728. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1995): 10.4 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1995): 12.0 (world avg 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995): -1.6 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1993): 1.5. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1994): 6.8. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1990): 1.4. Life expectancy at birth (1995): male 69.3 years; female 75.4 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1992): circulatory disease 707.7; cancers 163.4; respiratory disease 94.0; diseases of the digestive system 57.9. National economy Budget ('000,000,000,000 lei; 1996). Revenue: 32.5 (social security 25.0%, personal income tax 20.5%, value-added tax 16.5%). Expenditures: 36.8 (social security 27.3%, education 10.5%, health 8.2%, housing 5.6%). Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$574,000,000; expenditures U.S.$695,000,000. Production (metric tons). Agriculture (1997): corn (maize) 11,500,000, wheat 7,100,000, potatoes 2,800,000, sugar beets 2,800,000, barley 1,500,000; livestock (number of live animals) 9,663,000 sheep, 8,235,000 pigs, 3,435,000 cattle; roundwood (1996) 12,616,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 85,101. Mining (1995): iron 184,000; bauxite 174,000; zinc 35,000; copper 24,000. Manufacturing (value in U.S.$'000,000; 1994): food products 1,415; beverages 499; textiles 472; iron and steel 387; pottery 370; metal products 366; electrical machinery 358. Construction (1995): 9,300 dwelling units. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 55,136,000,000 (55,861,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 40,547,000 (44,893,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 50,568,000 (109,995,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 13,066,000 (10,291,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 15,868,000,000 (20,214,000,000). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$6,456,000,000. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$36,191,000,000 (U.S.$1,600 per capita). Population economically active (1995): total 10,491,000; activity rate 46.2% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 67.2%{2}; female 44.2%{3}; unemployed 7.4%). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1992) 3.1; income per household (1989) 73,500 lei (U.S.$4,940); sources of income (1982): wages 62.6%; expenditure (1989): food 51.1%; housing 16.4%. Foreign trade Imports (1996): 10,368,000,000,000 lei (mineral fuels 25.4%, machinery and transport equipment 24.1%, textiles 12.0%, chemicals 8.4%). Major import sources: Germany 16.5%; Italy 15.6%; Russia 13.1%; France 4.8%. Exports (1996): 10,272,827,000,000 lei (textiles 20.8%, mineral products 9.2%, chemicals 9.0%, machinery 8.0%, footwear 6.1%). Major export destinations: Germany 18.2%; Italy 16.6%; France 5.6%; U.K. 2.9%; U.S. 2.2%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): length 11,365 km{4}; passenger-km 18,880,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 27,180,000,000. Roads (1992): length 153,014 km (paved 51%). Vehicles (1995): cars 2,197,777; trucks and buses 385,111. Merchant marine (1992): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 439; total deadweight tonnage 4,845,539. Air transport (1994): passenger-km 2,580,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 19,404,000; airports (1997) 8. Education and health Educational attainment (1992). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no schooling 5.4%; some primary education 24.4%; some secondary 63.2%; postsecondary 6.9%. Literacy (1992): total population age 15 and over literate 96.7%; males 98.5%; females 95.0%. Health: physicians (1993) 40,265 (1 per 565 persons); hospital beds (1992) 215,629 (1 per 105 persons); infant mortality rate (1995) 21.2. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 3,166 (vegetable products 78%, animal products 22%); 128% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 227,000 (army 57.0%, navy 7.7%, air force 21.0%, other 14.3%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 2.5% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$115. {1} Includes 15 nonelective seats. {2} Unemployed. {3} 1992. {4} 1994.