STATISTICS: RUSSIA

Russia Official name: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya (Russian Federation). Form of government: federal multiparty republic with a bicameral legislative body (Federal Assembly comprising a Federation Council and a State Duma ). Head of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Moscow. Official language: Russian. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 ruble{1} (Rub) = 100 kopecks; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) market rate, 1 U.S.$ = Rub 16.12; 1 = Rub 27.44. Demography Population (1998): 146,861,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 22.3, persons per sq km 8.6. Urban-rural (1996): urban 73.2%; rural 26.8%. Sex distribution (1996): male 46.94%; female 53.06%. Age breakdown (1996): under 15, 21.0%; 15-29, 20.8%; 30-44, 24.5%; 45-59, 17.0%; 60-74, 12.9%; 75 and over, 3.8%. Population projection: (2000) 145,905,000; (2010) 143,918,000. Ethnic composition (1997): Russian 86.6%; Tatar 3.2%; Ukrainian 1.3%; Chuvash 0.9%; Bashkir 0.7%; Chechen 0.6%; Mordovian 0.5%; Belorussian 0.3%; other 5.9%. Religious affiliation (1995): Russian Orthodox 16.3%; Muslim 10.0%; Protestant 0.9%; Jewish 0.4%; other (mostly nonreligious) 72.4%. Major cities (1996): Moscow 8,400,000; St. Petersburg 4,200,000; Nizhny Novgorod 1,400,000; Novosibirsk 1,400,000; Yekaterinburg 1,300,000; Samara 1,200,000; Omsk 1,200,000; Chelyabinsk 1,100,000; Kazan 1,100,000; Ufa 1,100,000; Perm 1,000,000; Rostov-na-Donu 1,000,000. Mobility (1989). Population living in the same residence as in 1988: 78.8%; different residence, same oblast 11.5%; different republic 9.7%. Households (1994). Total family households 52,930,000; average household size 2.8; 2 persons 26.2%; 3 persons 22.6%; 4 persons 20.5%; 5 persons or more 11.5%. Population in family households (1989): 128,787,000 (87.0%), nonfamily population 19,254,000 (13.0%). Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1995): 9.3 (world avg. 25.0); (1994) legitimate 80.4%; illegitimate 19.6%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1995): 15.0 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995): -5.7 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1995): 1.3. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1995): 7.3. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1995): 4.5. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 58.3 years; female 71.7 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1995): circulatory diseases 790.1; accidents, poisoning, and violence 236.6, of which suicide 41.4, murder 30.7; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 200.8; respiratory diseases 73.9; digestive diseases 46.1; infectious and parasitic diseases 20.7. Social indicators Educational attainment (1994). Percentage of population age 15 and over having: primary or no formal education 10.0%; some secondary 20.2%; secondary and some postsecondary 77.8%; higher and postgraduate 15.1%. Quality of working life (1990). Average workweek: 40 hours. Annual rate per 100,000 workers of: injury or accident 569; industrial illness 5.3; death 11.2. Proportion of labour force insured for damages or income loss resulting from: injury 100%; permanent disability 100%; death 100%. Average days lost to labour stoppages per 1,000 workdays (1992): 1.1. Access to services (1990). Proportion of dwellings having access to: electricity, virtually 100%; safe public water supply 94%; public sewage collection 92%; central heating 92%; bathroom 87%; gas 72%; hot water 79%. Social participation. Eligible voters participating in last national election (1996): 68.8%. Trade union membership in total workforce (1989): 100%. Practicing religious population in total affiliated population (1991): 32%. Social deviance. Offense rate per 100,000 population (1995) for: murder 21.4; rape 8.5; serious injury 41.7; larceny-theft 1,020.0. Incidence per 100,000 population (1992) of: alcoholism 1,727.5; substance abuse 25.1; suicide 26.5. Material well-being (1994). Durable goods possessed per 100 family households: automobile 25; radio receiver 103; television receiver 116; refrigerator or freezer 95; washing machine 81; camera 37; motorcycle 23; bicycle 54. National economy Budget (1996). Revenue: Rub 329,000,000,000,000 (tax revenue 84.5%, of which profit tax 19.5%, value-added tax 18.4%, individual income tax 15.7%, property tax 11.2%, other taxes 19.7%; nontax revenue 15.5%). Expenditures: Rub 410,800,000,000,000 (current expenditure 74.3%, of which economy 23.3%, defense 20.9%, education 5.8%, health 3.0%, interest on foreign debt 2.4%; development expenditure 25.7%). Public debt (external, outstanding: 1997){2}: U.S.$100,463,000,000. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$356,030,000,000 (U.S.$2,410 per capita). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): potatoes 38,529,000, wheat 34,900,000, sugar beets 16,132,000, barley 15,900,000, vegetables (other than potatoes) 11,099,000, oats 8,570,000, rye 5,900,000, sunflower seeds 2,764,900, corn (maize) 1,700,000, peas 1,000,000, buckwheat 620,000, millet 500,000, rice 500,000; livestock (number of live animals) 39,696,000 cattle, 25,800,000 sheep, 22,631,000 pigs; roundwood 96,250,000 cu m; fish catch 4,374,000. Mining and quarrying (1995): nickel 251,000,000; chrome ore 107,700,000; iron ore 78,300,000; tin 10,000,000; molybdenum 8,800,000; antimony 7,000,000; gold 4,249,000 troy oz. Manufacturing (1995): crude steel 51,600,000; pig iron 39,800,000; rolled steel 39,000,000; cement 36,400,000; mineral fertilizers 9,600,000; sulfuric acid 6,900,000; cellulose 4,193,000; synthetic resins and plastics 1,794,000; cardboard 1,298,000; caustic soda 1,156,000; detergents 296,000; synthetic fibres 216,000; cotton fabrics 1,235,000,000 sq m; silk fabrics 197,000,000 sq m; linen fabrics 131,000,000 sq m; wool fabrics 72,000,000 sq m; cigarettes 141,000,000,000 units; watches 29,800,000 units; television receivers 1,888,000 units; refrigerators 1,766,000 units; washing machines 1,303,000 units; vacuum cleaners 911,000 units; passenger cars 835,000 units; bicycles 759,000 units; tape recorders 671,000 units; cameras 296,000 units; sewing machines 165,400 units; motorcycles 82,100 units; video recorders 20,900 units; leather footwear 67,300,000 pairs; beer 19,800,000 hectolitres; vodka and liquors 12,200,000 hectolitres; champagne 8,200,000 hectolitres; grape wine 1,460,000 hectolitres; brandy 171,400 hectolitres. Construction (1995): residential 14,600,000 sq m; nonresidential 26,400,000 sq m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 875,914,000,000 (855,418,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 176,754,000 (180,988,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 2,265,000,000 (1,375,000,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 162,085,000 (126,758,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 498,995,000,000 (327,275,000,000); peat (metric tons; 1994) 2,928,000 (4,007,000); oil shale (metric tons; 1994) 2,000,000 (1993; 3,300,000). Population economically active (1995): total 73,140,000; activity rate of total population 49.5% (participation rates: ages 16-59 , 16-54 72.6%; female 46.7%; unemployed 9.1%). Land use (1994): forest 44.9%; pasture 5.2%; agriculture 7.7%; other 42.2%. Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1995) 2.8; income per household: Rub 6,395,000 (U.S.$1,176); sources of income (1995): wages 77.8%, pensions and stipends 12.0%, other 10.2%; expenditure (1994): food 46.8%, clothing 13.6%, taxes and other financial payments 10.1%, furniture and household appliances 8.7%, transportation 6.1%, culture 5.1%. Foreign trade Imports (1996): U.S.$45,438,000,000 (machinery and transport equipment 27.0%, food 24.3%, chemicals 13.5%, ferrous and nonferrous metals 8.2%, textiles and clothing 4.3%, fuels and lubricants 3.7%). Major import sources{3}: Germany 11.8%; Italy 5.3%; U.S. 5.2%; Finland 3.8%; France 2.9%; U.K. 2.6%. Exports (1996): U.S.$84,387,000,000 (fuels and lubricants 45.5%, ferrous and nonferrous metals 19.1%, machinery and transport equipment 8.9%, chemicals 8.2%, precious metals 4.3%, forestry products 4.1%). Major export destinations{3}: Germany 8.2%; China 5.7%; U.S. 5.6%; Italy 5.0%; Switzerland 4.8%; The Netherlands 4.1%; U.K. 3.8%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): length 151,000 km; passenger-km 192,200,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 1,213,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 949,000 km (paved 79%). Vehicles (1993): passenger cars 10,499,000; trucks and buses 407,000. Air transport (1995): passenger-km 71,700,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 1,800,000,000; airports (1996) 75. Health Health (1995): physicians 630,000 (1 per 235 persons); hospital beds 1,860,000 (1 per 80 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1995) 18.0. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,926 (vegetable products 74%; animal products 26%); 114% of FAO recommended minimum. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 1,240,000 (army 71.8%, navy 17.7%, air force 10.5%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 11.4% (world 3.0%); per capita expenditure U.S.$513. {1} On Jan. 1, 1998, a (new) ruble was introduced; 1 (new) ruble is equivalent to 1,000 (old) rubles, data given in (old) rubles. {2} Total as of March 31, 1995; Russia has also assumed responsibility for the governmental and commercial debts of the former U.S.S.R., estimated to constitute a further U.S.$88,000,000,000. {3} Based on IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS), which values total trade with all known trading partners, rather than the customs statement of the subject country. Total DOTS valuation: imports U.S.$43,318,000,000, exports U.S.$81,438,000,000.