STATISTICS: THAILAND

Thailand Official name: Muang Thai, or Prathet Thai (Kingdom of Thailand). Form of government: constitutional monarchy with two legislative houses (Senate {1}; House of Representatives ). Chief of state: King. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Bangkok. Official language: Thai. Official religion: Buddhism. Monetary unit: 1 Thai baht (B) = 100 stangs; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = B 38.85; 1 = B 66.14. Demography Population (1998): 61,201,000{2}. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 308.9, persons per sq km 119.3. Urban-rural (1995): urban 18.3%; rural 81.7%. Sex distribution (1995): male 49.91%; female 50.09%. Age breakdown (1996): under 15, 27.4%; 15-29, 28.4%; 30-44, 22.8%; 45-59, 13.2%; 60-74, 6.6%; 75 and over, 1.6%. Population projection: (2000) 62,405,000; (2010) 67,597,000. Doubling time: 67 years. Ethnic composition (1983): Thai 79.5%, of which Siamese 52.6%, Lao 26.9%; Chinese 12.1%; Malay 3.7%; Khmer 2.7%; other 2.0%. Religious affiliation (1992): Buddhist 94.8%; Muslim 4.0%; Christian 0.6%; other 0.6%. Major cities (1991){3}: Bangkok 5,620,591; Nonthaburi 264,201; Nakhon Ratchasima 202,503; Chiang Mai 161,541; Khon Kaen 131,478. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1997): 17.8 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1997): 7.4 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1997): 10.4 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1997): 2.0. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1995): 7.9. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1995): 0.9. Life expectancy at birth (1997): male 67.0 years; female 72.0 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1993){4}: accidents, homicide, and poisonings 13.7; diseases of the heart 10.7; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 9.1; hypertension and cerebrovascular disease 3.3; pneumonia and other lung diseases 2.8; diseases of the liver and the pancreas 2.6. National economy Budget (1995). Revenue: B 760,755,000,000 (taxes 91.7%; state enterprises 4.9%; sale of property and services 1.0%). Expenditures: B 643,283,000,000 (current expenditure 67.7%, of which goods and services 58.1%, transfer payments 9.6%; capital expenditure 32.3%, of which government capital formation 29.8%, transfer payments 2.3%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$17,039,000,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): sugarcane 62,422,000, rice 21,800,000, tapioca 17,340,000{5}, cassava 16,000,000, corn (maize) 4,361,000, natural rubber 2,257,000, pineapples 2,031,000, bananas 1,750,000, soybean 412,000, palm oil 400,000, tobacco 69,900; livestock (number of live animals) 8,000,000 cattle, 4,807,000 buffalo, 4,023,000 pigs, 110,000,000 chickens; roundwood (1995) 39,288,000 cu m; fish catch (1994) 3,432,000. Mining and quarrying (1995): limestone 45,559,000; gypsum 8,533,000; kaolin clay 461,000; zinc ore 135,198; fluorite 24,114; lead ore 22,786; tin concentrates 2,201. Manufacturing (1995): cement 33,445,000; refined sugar 5,201,800; synthetic fibre 540,800; galvanized iron sheet 370,000; tin plate 250,500; jute products 76,000. Construction (1990): residential 16,343,000 sq m; nonresidential 13,449,000 sq m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 74,452,000,000 (75,278,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 17,095,000 (17,198,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 9,583,000 (137,883,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 21,291,000 (28,850,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 9,513,000,000 (9,513,000,000). Land use (1994): forested 29.0%; meadows and pastures 1.6%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 40.0%; other 29.4%. Population economically active (1995): total 31,347,900; activity rate of total population 53.0% (participation rates: over age 13, 69.8%; female 44.1%; unemployed 2.3%). Gross national product (1996): U.S.$177,476,000,000 (U.S.$2,960 per capita). Household income and expenditure (1994). Average household size 3.8; average annual income per household B 99,912 (U.S.$3,973); sources of income: wages and salaries 41.2%, self-employment 30.2%, transfer payments 7.1%, other 21.5%; expenditure: food, tobacco, and beverages 36.5%, housing 21.9%, transportation and communications 14.8%, medical and personal care 6.0%, clothing 5.4%, education and recreation 4.0%, other 11.4%. Tourism (1995): receipts from visitors U.S.$7,664,000,000; expenditures by nationals abroad U.S.$3,372,000,000. Foreign trade{6} Imports (1995): B 1,766,142,000,000 (electrical machinery 19.1%, nonelectrical machinery 18.9%, road vehicles 7.7%, iron and steel 7.1%, mineral fuels and lubricants 6.8%, organic chemicals 3.7%, plastics 3.4%). Major import sources: Japan 30.5%; U.S. 12.0%; Singapore 5.9%; Germany 5.3%; Taiwan 4.8%; Malaysia 4.6%; South Korea 3.5%. Exports (1995): B 1,407,996,000,000 (electrical machinery 17.2%, nonelectrical machinery 14.0%, rubber products 5.8%, live fish 5.1%, garments 4.6%, plastics 4.4%, precious jewelry 3.9%, footwear 3.8%, cereals 3.5%). Major export destinations: U.S. 17.8%; Japan 16.8%; Singapore 14.0%; Hong Kong 5.2%; The Netherlands 3.2%; China 3.0%; Germany 2.9%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995{7}): route length 3,976 km; passenger-km 12,975,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 3,242,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 62,000 km (paved 97%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 1,440,000; trucks and buses 2,969,000. Air transport (1996): passenger-km 29,226,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 1,320,300,000; airports (1996) with scheduled flights 25. Education and health Educational attainment (1990). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 11.8%; primary education 71.3%; secondary 9.5%; postsecondary 6.6%; unknown 0.8%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 93.8%; males literate 96.0%; females literate 91.6%. Health: physicians (1994) 14,098 (1 per 4,165 persons); hospital beds (1991) 93,852 (1 per 599 persons); infant mortality rate (1996) 32.0. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,296 (vegetable products 90%, animal products 10%); 103% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1996): 254,000 (army 59.1%, navy 25.2%, air force 15.7%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 2.5% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$68. {1} All members are appointed by the prime minister. {2} Based on 1990 census results, which are lower than the 1990 registration records estimate. {3} Based on registration records. {4} Percentage distribution. {5} 1995. {6} Import figures are f.o.b. in balance of trade and c.i.f. for commodities and trading partners. {7} Traffic data refer to fiscal year ending September 30.