STATISTICS: TURKEY

Turkey Official name: Trkiye Cumhuriyeti (Republic of Turkey). Form of government: multiparty republic with one legislative house (Turkish Grand National Assembly ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Ankara. Official language: Turkish. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 Turkish lira (LT) = 100 kurush; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = LT 276,485; 1 = LT 470,716. Demography Population (1998): 64,567,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 214.5, persons per sq km 82.8. Urban-rural (1995): urban 68.8%; rural 31.2%. Sex distribution (1995): male 50.57%; female 49.43%. Age breakdown (1995): under 15, 32.3%; 15-29, 28.8%; 30-44, 20.3%; 45-59, 11.0%; 60-74, 6.4%; 75 and over, 1.2%. Population projection: (2000) 66,618,000; (2010) 76,570,000. Doubling time: 44 years. Ethnic composition (1994): Turks (including Turkmen) 80-88%; Kurds 10-20%; Arabs 1.5%; others 0.3%. Religious affiliation (1994): Sunni Muslim c. 80.0%; Shi'i Muslim c. 19.8%, of which nonorthodox Alevi c. 14.0%; Christian c. 0.2%. Major cities (1995): Istanbul 7,774,169; Ankara 2,837,937; Izmir 2,017,699; Adana 1,066,544; Bursa 1,016,760; Gaziantep 730,435; Konya 584,785. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 22.3 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 5.5 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 16.8 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 2.6. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1993): 7.7. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1993): 0.5. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 69.5 years; female 74.4 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1993){1}: diseases of the circulatory system 369; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 80; accidents and violence 33; infectious and parasitic diseases 24; ill-defined conditions 60. National economy Budget (1996). Revenue: LT 2,738,148,000,000,000 (indirect taxes 49.8%, direct taxes 32.3%, nontax revenue 16.2%). Expenditures: LT 3,955,888,000,000,000 (interest payments 37.9%, personnel 24.6%, investments 6.5%). Tourism (1996): receipts from visitors U.S.$5,650,000,000; expenditures by nationals abroad U.S.$1,265,000,000. Production (in '000 metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): wheat 18,515, sugar beets 14,455, barley 8,000, potatoes 4,950, grapes 3,550, apples 2,100, seed cotton 2,089, corn (maize) 2,000, olives 1,500, cottonseed 1,200, cotton lint 802, sunflower seeds 780, oranges 700, lentils 615, apricots 460, hazelnuts 410, pears 410, tobacco 230, sultana raisins 179{2}, tea 124, honey 69{2}, attar of roses 800 kg{3}; livestock (number of live animals) 33,791,000 sheep, 11,789,000 cattle; roundwood (1995) 19,279,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 652,193. Mining (1995): boron (concentrate) 1,200{4}; chromite 800{4}; bauxite 440; copper ore (metal content) 34.2. Manufacturing (1993){5}: refined petroleum 5,450; textiles 4,150; food products 4,150; motor vehicles 3,200; iron and steel 2,600; bricks, cement, and tiles 1,950. Construction (approved; 1996): residential 56,863,000 sq m; nonresidential 18,047,000 sq m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1996) 94,863,000,000 (94,787,000,000); hard coal (metric tons; 1996) 2,424,000 ( 8,192,000); lignite (metric tons; 1996) 52,503,000 ( 52,167,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1996) 25,018,000 ( 180,663,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 22,219,000 (25,417,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 184,500,000 (4,815,100,000). Land use (1994): forested 26.2%; meadows and pastures 16.1%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 36.1%; other 21.6%. Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1993) 4.5; income per household (1987) LT 3,680,500 (U.S.$4,294); expenditure (1994): food, tobacco, and caf expenditures 38.5%, housing 22.8%, clothing 9.0%. Population economically active (1995){6}: total 22,899,000; activity rate of total population 37.1% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 57.8%; female 30.4%; unemployed 5.8%). Gross national product (1996): U.S.$177,530,000,000 (U.S.$2,830 per capita). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$48,172,000,000. Foreign trade{7} Imports (1996): U.S.$42,464,000,000 (nonelectrical machinery 19.3%; crude petroleum 8.1%; electrical and electronic equipment 7.0%; road vehicles and parts 6.2%; iron and steel 6.1%). Major import sources: Germany 17.6%; Italy 9.8%; United States 7.5%; France 6.3%; United Kingdom 5.8%. Exports (1996): U.S.$23,082,000,000 (textiles and clothing 24.8%; iron and steel 7.6%; electrical and electronic machinery 5.7%; edible fruits 4.9%). Major export destinations: Germany 22.4%; United States 7.0%; Russia 6.4%; Italy 6.3%; United Kingdom 5.4%; France 4.5%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1994): length 5,252 mi, 8,452 km; passenger-km 6,385,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 8,254,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 236,928 mi, 381,300 km (paved 23%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 3,231,562; trucks and buses 809,361. Air transport (1996){8}: passenger-km 12,305,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 214,201,000; airports (1996) with scheduled flights 26. Education and health Educational attainment (1993). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 30.5%; incomplete primary education 6.6%; complete primary 40.4%; incomplete secondary 3.1%; complete secondary or higher 19.1%; unknown 0.3%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 33,605,000 (82.3%); males literate 19,191,000 (91.7%); females literate 14,414,000 (72.4%). Health: physicians (1995) 51,000{9} (1 per 1,200 persons); hospital beds (1994) 134,665 (1 per 450 persons); infant mortality rate (1996) 43.2. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 3,593 (vegetable products 89%, animal products 11%); 143% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1996): 639,000 (army 82.2%, navy 8.0%, air force 9.8%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1994): 4.1% (world 3.0%); per capita expenditure U.S.$87. {1} Projected rates based on about 35% of total deaths. {2} 1995. {3} 1993. {4} 1994. {5} Value added in U.S.$'000,000. {6} Civilian population only. {7} Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. {8} Turkish Airlines only. {9} Estimated figure.