STATISTICS: TUNISIA

Tunisia Official name: Al-Jumhuriyah at-Tunisiyah (Republic of Tunisia). Form of government: multiparty republic with one legislative house (Chamber of Deputies ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Tunis. Official language: Arabic. Official religion: Islam. Monetary unit: 1 dinar (D) = 1,000 millimes; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = D 1.09; 1 = D 1.85. Demography Population (1998): 9,380,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 148.0, persons per sq km 57.1. Urban-rural (1994): urban 61.0%; rural 39.0%. Sex distribution (1994): male 50.53%; female 49.47%. Age breakdown (1994): under 15, 34.8%; 15-29, 28.5%; 30-44, 18.8%; 45-59, 9.6%; 60-74, 6.4%; 75 and over, 1.9%. Ethnic composition (1983): Arab 98.2%; Berber 1.2%; French 0.2%; Italian 0.1%; other 0.3%. Religious affiliation (1995): Sunni Muslim 99.5%; Christian 0.3%; other 0.2%. Major cities (commune; 1994): Tunis 674,100; Safaqis 230,900; Aryanah 152,700; Ettadhamen 149,200; Susah 125,000. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1995-2000): 23.9 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1995-2000): 5.9 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995-2000): 18.0 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1995-2000): 2.9. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1995): 6.0. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1993-94): 0.9. Life expectancy at birth (1995-2000): male 68.4 years; female 70.7 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population: n.a.; however, of approximately 12,000 deaths{1} for which a cause was reported in 1992, complications of pregnancy and childbirth represented 31.6%, circulatory diseases 22.4%, accidents and poisoning 14.9%, respiratory diseases 7.2%. National economy Budget (1996). Revenue: D 5,710,000,000 (tax revenue 83.0%, of which goods and services 32.5%, social security 16.8%, income tax 15.6%, import duties 13.3%; nontax revenue 15.8%; grants 0.7%; capital revenue 0.5%). Expenditures: D 6,484,000,000 (education 15.8%; economic services 15.7%; social security 13.7%; general public services 7.3%; health 6.0%; public order 5.8%; defense 5.0%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$8,689,000,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): wheat 2,018,000, olives 1,250,000, barley 834,000, tomatoes 700,000, watermelons 273,000, potatoes 270,000, sugar beets 306,000; livestock (number of live animals) 6,400,000 sheep, 1,250,000 goats, 700,000 cattle; roundwood (1995) 3,600,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 84,000. Mining and quarrying (1995): phosphate rock 6,301,598; iron ore 224,949; zinc 80,446. Manufacturing (1995): cement 3,033,200; phosphoric acid 1,365,200; flour 473,600; crude steel 192,000 {2}. Construction (1982): residential building authorized 2,679,000 sq m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 6,714,000 (5,701,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 9,000 (31,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 33,662,000 (12,994,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 1,591,000 (3,565,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 286,000,000 (786,000,000). Land use (1994): forested 4.3%; meadows and pastures 20.0%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 31.9%; other 43.8%. Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$1,325,000,000; expenditures U.S.$251,000,000. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$17,581,000,000 (U.S.$1,930 per capita). Population economically active (1989): total 2,360,000; activity rate of total population 28.8% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 42.2%; female 20.9%; unemployed 13.4%). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1994) 5.2; income per household: n.a.; sources of income: n.a.; expenditure (1985): food and beverages 39.0%, household durable goods 11.2%, housing 10.7%, transportation 9.0%, recreation 7.1%, clothing and footwear 6.0%, energy 5.1%, health care 3.0%, education 1.8%, other 7.1.%. Foreign trade{3} Imports (1996): D 7,542,700,000 (1995; machinery and electrical equipment 35.0%, textiles 25.2%, food products 12.8%, chemical products 9.4%). Major import sources (1995): France 25.6%; Italy 15.4%; Germany 12.5%. Exports (1996): D 5,372,000,000 (clothing and accessories 49.9%, machinery and electrical products 13.7%, phosphate products 9.0%, energy 8.4%). Major export destinations (1995): France 28.1%; Italy 18.7%; Germany 15.7%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1994): route length 2,152 km; passenger-km 1,038,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 2,225,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 22,490 km (paved 79%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 248,000; trucks and buses 283,000. Air transport (1996){4}: passenger-km 2,120,989,000; metric ton-km cargo 18,352,000; airports (1997) 5. Education and health Educational attainment (1989). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 54.9%; primary 26.9%; secondary 14.3%; higher 3.4%; unspecified 0.5%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 66.7%; males literate 78.6%; females literate 54.6%. Health (1994): physicians 5,344 (1 per 1,640 persons); hospital beds 15,759 (1 per 556 persons); infant mortality rate (1995-2000) 37.0. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 3,187 (vegetable products 91%, animal products 9%); 133% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 35,000 (army 77.1%, navy 12.9%, air force 10.0%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 2.0% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$39. {1} Recorded deaths from urban areas only, including complete figures for Tunis. {2} 1989. {3} Imports c.i.f. in balance of trade. {4} Tunis Air only.