STATISTICS: VIETNAM

Vietnam Official name: Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam (Socialist Republic of Vietnam). Form of government: socialist republic with one legislative house (National Assembly ). Head of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Hanoi. Official language: Vietnamese. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 dong (D) = 10 hao = 100 xu; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = D 13,904; 1 = D 23,672. Demography Population (1998): 76,236,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 596.5, persons per sq km 230.3. Urban-rural (1995): urban 20.8%; rural 79.2%. Sex distribution (1997): male 49.03%; female 50.97%. Age breakdown (1997): under 15, 35.5%; 15-29, 28.3%; 30-44, 20.2%; 45-59, 8.5%; 60-74, 5.8%; 75 and over, 1.7%. Population projection: (2000): 78,350,000; (2010) 88,602,000. Doubling time: 47 years. Ethnic composition (1989): Vietnamese 87.1%; Tho (Tay) 1.8%; Chinese (Hoa) 1.5%; Tai 1.5%; Khmer 1.4%; Muong 1.4%; Nung 1.1%; other 4.2%. Religious affiliation (1995): Buddhist 66.7%; Christian 8.7%, of which Roman Catholic 7.7%, Protestant 1.0%; Cao Dai (a New-Religionist group) 3.5%; Hoa Hao (a New-Religionist group) 2.1%; other 19.0%. Major cities (1992): Ho Chi Minh City 4,322,300{1}; Hanoi 2,154,900{1}; Haiphong 783,133; Da Nang 382,674; Buon Ma Thuot 282,095; Nha Trang 221,331; Hue 219,149; Can Tho 215,587. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1997): 22.0 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1997): 7.0 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1997): 15.0 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 2.7. Marriage rate per 1,000 population: n.a. Divorce rate per 1,000 population: n.a. Life expectancy at birth (1997): male 65.0 years; female 69.9 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population: n.a. National economy Budget (1996). Revenue: D 60,500,000,000,000 (tax revenue 86.7%, nontax revenues 13.3%). Expenditures: D 66,417,000,000,000 (current expenditures 71.5%, of which social services 28.4%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$22,344,000,000. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$21,915,000,000{2} (U.S.$290 per capita{2}). Tourism (1994): receipts from visitors U.S.$85,000,000; expenditures by nationals abroad, n.a. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1997): rice 27,646,000, sugarcane 11,428,000, cassava 1,983,000, sweet potatoes 1,642,000, corn (maize) 1,641,000, bananas 1,300,000, coffee 400,000, oranges 380,000, natural rubber 181,000, cashews 110,000, pimento 74,000, tea 52,000; livestock (number of live animals) 17,500,000 pigs, 3,700,000 cattle, 2,953,700 buffalo; roundwood (1995) 34,713,000 cu m, of which fuelwood 30,290,000 cu m, industrial roundwood 4,423,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 1,100,000, of which marine fish 450,000, crustaceans 306,000, freshwater fish 287,000. Mining and quarrying (1994): phosphate rock 470,000; gold 10,000 kg. Manufacturing (1995): cement 5,828,000; fertilizers 931,000; raw sugar 517,000; crude steel 408,000; beer 5,120,000 hectolitres; garments 145,000,000 units; bicycles 236,000 units. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 12,020,000,000 (12,020,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 5,600,000 (4,000,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 50,282,000 (283,300); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 38,000 (3,848,000); natural gas (cu m; 1995): 5,100,000 (5,100,000). Population economically active (1989): total 30,521,019; activity rate 47.4% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 79.9%; female 51.7%; unemployed 5.8%). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1989) 4.8; income per household (1990){3} D 577,008 (U.S.$93); sources of income: n.a.; expenditure (1990): food 62.4%, clothing 5.0%, household goods 4.6%, education 2.9%, housing 2.5%. Land use (1994): forested 29.6%; meadows and pastures 1.0%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 21.5%; other 47.9%. Foreign trade Imports (1996): U.S.$13,668,000,000 (1995; machinery and spare parts 28.9%, petroleum products 8.6%, fertilizers 6.6%, motor scooters 5.0%, iron and steel 4.6%). Major import sources (1996): Singapore 13.8%; South Korea 12.9%; Taiwan 9.5%; Japan 9.2%; France 6.0%. Exports (1996): U.S.$6,933,000,000 (1995; crude petroleum 19.7%, coffee 10.9%, rice 9.5%, fish and fish products 8.3%, clothing 8.3%, rubber 3.1%). Major export destinations (1996): Japan 26.4%; Germany 8.1%; Singapore 5.7%; France 4.9%; Australia 4.4%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): length 1,619 mi, 2,605 km; passenger-mi 1,305,000,000{4}, passenger-km 2,100,000,000{4}; short ton-mile cargo 727,000,000{4}, metric ton-km cargo 1,062,000,000{4}. Roads (1995): total length 65,895 mi, 106,048 km (paved 26%). Vehicles (1994): passenger cars, trucks, and buses 200,000. Air transport (1994): passenger-mi 130,000,000, passenger-km 209,000,000; short ton-mile cargo 13,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 19,000,000; airports (1997) with scheduled flights 12. Education and health Educational attainment (1989). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal education (illiterate) 16.6%; some primary 46.6%; complete primary 23.5%; secondary 6.5%; postsecondary and higher 6.8%. Literacy (1995): percentage of population age 15 and over literate 93.7%; males 96.5%; females 91.2%. Health (1994): physicians 29,700 (1 per 2,444 persons); hospital beds 191,000 (1 per 380 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1997) 37.0. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,463 (vegetable products 91%, animal products 9%); 114% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 492,000 (army 85.4%, navy 8.5%, air force 6.1%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 2.6% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$7. {1} 1993. {2} Figure indicates the World Bank's nominal assessment of the Vietnamese economy. {3} Wage workers and government officials only. {4} 1994.