STATISTICS: ZAMBIA

Zambia Official name: Republic of Zambia. Form of government: multiparty republic with one legislative house (National Assembly ). Head of state and government: President. Capital: Lusaka. Official language: English. Official religion: none{2}. Monetary unit: 1 Zambian kwacha (K) = 100 ngwee; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = K 2,020; 1 = K 3,439. Demography Population (1998): 9,461,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 32.6, persons per sq km 12.6. Urban-rural (1995): urban 43.1%; rural 56.9%. Sex distribution (1997): male 49.56%; female 50.44%. Age breakdown (1997): under 15, 49.4%; 15-29, 28.0%; 30-44, 12.6%; 45-59, 6.2%; 60-74, 3.1%; 75 and over, 0.7%. Population projection: (2000) 9,872,000; (2010) 12,150,000. Doubling time: 24 years. Ethnolinguistic composition (1990): Bemba peoples 39.7%; Maravi (Nyanja) peoples 20.1%; Tonga peoples 14.8%; North-Western peoples 8.8%; Barotze peoples 7.5%; Tumbuka peoples 3.7%; Mambwe peoples 3.4%; other 2.0%. Religious affiliation (1995): Christian 47.8%, of which Protestant 22.9%, Roman Catholic 16.9%, African Christian 5.6%; traditional beliefs 27.0%; Muslim 1.0%; other 24.2%. Major cities (1990): Lusaka 982,362 (metro. area, 1,400,000{3}); Ndola 376,311; Kitwe 348,571; Mufulira 175,025. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1997): 45.0 (world avg. 25.0); legitimate, n.a.; however, marriage is both early and universal, suggesting that legitimate births are a relatively high proportion of all births. Death rate per 1,000 population (1997): 23.0 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1997): 22.0 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1997): 6.5. Life expectancy at birth (1995): male 46.7 years; female 48.0 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population: n.a.; however, the major causes of morbidity are respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, malaria, malnutrition, measles, AIDS, and accidents. National economy Budget (1997). Revenue: K 1,489,100,000,000 (1995; value-added and excise taxes 26.0%; customs duties 22.1%; grants 21.1%; personal income taxes 18.2%; company income taxes 5.2%). Expenditures: K 1,427,100,000,000 (1995; current expenditures 86.2%, of which debt service 34.7%, health 9.5%, education 9.4%, defense 5.3%; capital expenditures 13.8%). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1997): sugarcane 1,420,000, corn (maize) 963,000, cassava 540,000, fruits and vegetables 358,450 (of which onions 26,000, tomatoes 23,000, oranges 3,500), millet 61,000, wheat 60,000, sweet potatoes 52,000, peanuts (groundnuts) 50,000, seed cotton 35,000, sorghum 30,756, soybeans 29,292, sunflower seeds 7,983, tobacco 3,500; livestock (number of live animals) 2,600,000 cattle, 580,000 goats, 290,000 pigs, 65,000 sheep, 20,000,000 chickens; roundwood (1995) 14,613,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 69,081. Mining and quarrying (1996){4}: copper 307,071; cobalt 3,577; silver 8,676 kg; gold 2,926 troy oz. Manufacturing (value added in K '000,000; 1994): food products 39,765.1; beverages 36,596.5; chemicals and pharmaceuticals 32,141.5; textiles 15,358.5; tobacco 14,060.2; iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, and fabricated metal products 13,874.6. Construction (value added in K; 1995): 45,663,000,000. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 7,785,000,000 (6,305,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 380,000 (375,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) none (4,032,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 496,000 (435,000); natural gas, none (n.a.). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1990) 5.6; average annual income per household (1981) K 1,041 (U.S.$908); sources of income (1981): wages and salaries 94.0%, other 6.0%; expenditure (1977): food 37.7%, housing 11.0%, clothing 8.3%, transportation 4.3%, education 2.1%, health 1.0%. Population economically active (1991): total 2,928,000; activity rate of total population 33.4% (participation rates: over age 10, 52.6%; female 29.6%; unemployed 17.4%{5}). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$5,307,000,000. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$3,363,000,000 (U.S.$360 per capita). Tourism (1995): receipts from visitors U.S.$47,000,000; expenditures by nationals abroad U.S.$56,000,000{6}. Land use (1994): forest 43.0%; pasture 40.4%; agriculture 7.1%; other 9.5%. Foreign trade Imports (1996): U.S.$890,000,000 (1988; machinery and transport equipment 38.3%; basic manufactures 19.8%; chemicals 16.9%; mineral fuels, lubricants, and electricity 12.3%; food 3.8%). Major import sources (1995): South Africa 27.7%; United Kingdom 11.3%; Zimbabwe 9.2%; Japan 8.6%; United States 7.0%; India 4.9%; Germany 4.3%. Exports (1996): U.S.$1,010,000,000 (1995; copper 70.6%; cobalt 11.3%). Major export destinations (1995): Japan 17.9%; Saudi Arabia 12.9%; Thailand 12.8%; Taiwan 7.2%; India 5.3%; Belgium-Luxembourg 5.0%; France 4.5%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995){7}: length 791 mi, 1,273 km; passenger-mi 166,000,000, passenger-km 267,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 316,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 462,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 24,170 mi, 38,898 km (paved 18%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 142,000; trucks and buses 73,500. Merchant marine: vessels (100 gross tons and over) none. Air transport (1995){8}: passenger arrivals and departures 294,000; metric ton cargo unloaded and loaded 6,900; airports (1997) with scheduled flights 4. Education and health Educational attainment (1993){9}. Percentage of population age 14 and over having: no formal schooling 18.6%; some primary education 54.8%; some secondary 25.1%; higher 1.5%. Literacy (1995): population age 15 and over literate 3,890,000 (78.2%); males literate 2,060,000 (85.6%); females literate 1,830,000 (71.3%). Health: physicians (1993) 786 (1 per 10,917 persons); hospital beds (1989) 22,461 (1 per 349 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1997) 93. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 1,931 (vegetable products 95%, animal products 5%); 84% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 21,600 (army 92.6%; navy, none; air force 7.4%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 2.8% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$11. {1} Includes 5 nonelective seats. {2} Zambia was declared a Christian nation according to the preamble of a constitutional amendment in 1996. {3} 1996 estimate; urban agglomeration. {4} The lead and zinc mines at Kabwe were closed in 1994. {5} 1987. {6} 1992. {7} Excludes Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) data. {8} Lusaka airport only. {9} Based on a sample survey of 35,502 persons.