STATISTICS: YUGOSLAVIA

Yugoslavia Official name: Savezna Republika Jugoslavija (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). Form of government: federal multiparty republic with two legislative houses (Chamber of Republics ; Chamber of Citizens ). Chief of state: Federal President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Belgrade. Official language: Serbian (Serbo-Croatian). Official religion{1}: none. Monetary unit{2}: 1 Yugoslav new dinar (second) = 100 paras; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = 10.16 Yugoslav new dinars; 1 = 17.30 Yugoslav new dinars. Demography Population (1998): 10,664,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 270.3, persons per sq km 104.4. Urban-rural (1991): urban 51.2%; rural 48.8%. Sex distribution (1996): male 49.53%; female 50.47%. Age breakdown (1991): under 15, 22.8%; 15-29, 21.6%; 30-44, 21.7%; 45-59, 17.1%; 60-74, 12.2%; 75 and over, 3.5%; unknown, 1.1%. Population projection: (2000) 10,799,000; (2010) 11,171,000. Doubling time: not applicable; doubling time exceeds 100 years. Ethnic composition (1991): Serb 62.6%; Albanian 16.5%; Montenegrin 5.0%; multiethnic 3.4%; Hungarian 3.3%; Muslim 3.2%; Romany (Gypsy) 1.4%; Croat 1.1%; other 3.5%. Religious affiliation (1995): Serbian Orthodox 62.6%; Muslim 19.0%; Roman Catholic 5.8%; other, mostly nonreligious 12.6%. Major cities (1991): Belgrade 1,168,454; Novi Sad 179,626; Nis 175,391; Pristina 155,499; Kragujevac 147,305; Podgorica 117,875. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 12.9 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 10.5 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 2.4 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1995): 1.9. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1996): 5.4. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1996): 0.7. Life expectancy at birth (1995): male 69.9 years; female 74.7 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1995): diseases of the circulatory system 573.6; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 167.6; accidents, violence, and poisoning 42.2; diseases of the respiratory system 40.9. National economy Budget (1997). Revenue: 28,745,000,000 Yugoslav new dinars (social security tax 39.1%, turnover tax 16.6%, income tax 16.5%). Expenditure: 28,745,000,000 Yugoslav new dinars (social security 39.1%, current transfers and other 60.9%). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): corn (maize) 5,367,000, sugar beets 2,418,000, wheat 1,507,000, grapes 433,000, sunflower seeds 390,000; livestock (number of live animals) 4,446,000 pigs, 2,656,000 sheep, 1,926,000 cattle, 26,457,000 poultry; roundwood 3,503,000 cu m; fish catch 7,461. Mining and quarrying: copper ore 20,206,000; lead-zinc ore 856,000; magnesite 89,000; aluminum and ingots 37,000; salt 21,646; asbestos ore 18,000; refined silver 69,000 kg. Manufacturing: wheat flour 798,000; crude steel 679,000; sulfuric acid 231,000; nitric acid 229,000; electrolytic copper 104,000; canned fruit 42,300; refined lead 30,000; welded pipes 25,000; rolled copper 16,800; medicines 14,600. Construction (residential units constructed; 1995): 11,847. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 35,328,000,000 (35,328,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 38,351,000 (38,401,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 7,997,000 (10,222,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 781,000 (881,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 787,222,000 (1,630,200,000). Population economically active (1996): total 3,232,000; activity rate 30.4% (1995; participation rates: over age 15, 59.0%; female 43.7%; (1996) unemployed 7.8%). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1993) 3.9; income per household (1996) 20,073 Yugoslav new dinars (U.S.$3,515); sources of income (1996): wages and salaries 43.0%, pensions 15.7%, self-employment 13.5%, other 21.1%; expenditure (1996): food 47.1%, fuel and light 11.0%, beverages and tobacco 7.9%, clothing and footwear 6.5%, transportation and communications 5.3%, health care 4.7%, housing 2.7%. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$20,039,000,000 (U.S.$1,900 per capita). Tourism (1994): receipts from visitors U.S.$31,000,000; expenditures, n.a. Land use (1994): forested 17.3%; meadows and pastures 20.7%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 40.0%; other 22.0%. Foreign trade Imports (1996): Din 20,395,000,000 (manufactured goods 19.8%, machinery and transport equipment 19.4%, chemicals 14.3%, mineral fuels and lubricants 13.9%, food and live animals 12.2%). Major import sources: Germany 12.8%; Italy 10.6%; Russia 5.5%; Macedonia 5.2%. Exports (1996): Din 9,156,000,000 (manufactured goods 33.1%, food and live animals 22.0%, machinery and transport equipment 12.2%, chemicals 9.1%). Major export destinations: Macedonia 11.5%; Russia 8.5%; Germany 8.0%; Greece 5.1%; Switzerland 4.5%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1996): length 4,031 km; (1996) passenger-km 1,830,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 2,062,000,000. Roads (1996): total length 49,620 km (paved 58.4%). Vehicles (1994): passenger cars 1,400,000; trucks and buses 132,000. Merchant marine (1992): fishing vessels 12. Air transport (1996): passenger-mi 598,000,000, passenger-km 963,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 3,371,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 4,921,000,000; airports (1997) 4. Education and health Educational attainment (1991). Percentage of population age 15 and over having: less than full primary education 33.5%; primary 25.0%; secondary 32.2%; postsecondary and higher 9.3%. Literacy (1991): total population age 10 and over literate 93.0%; males literate 97.2%; females literate 88.9%. Health (1995): physicians 21,313 (1 per 495 persons); hospital beds 56,107 (1 per 188 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1996) 14.3. Food (1990){3}: daily per capita caloric intake 3,545 (1988-90; vegetable products 93%, animal products 7%); 140% of FAO recommended minimum. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 114,200 (army 78.8%, air force 14.6%, navy 6.6%). Military expenditure as percentage of government expenditure (1991): 3.9% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$167. {1} Government gives "preferential treatment" to the Serbian Orthodox Church according to the U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1996. {2} The Dinar, which had been fixed at 3.3 to the Deutsche Mark since November 1995, was set at a new rate of 6.0 on April 1, 1998. {3} Data refer to Yugoslavia as constituted prior to 1991.