STAVANGER

city and seaport, seat of Rogaland fylke (county), southwestern Norway. It is situated on the east side of a peninsula, with the Norwegian Sea on the west and Gand Fjord, a south branch of broad Bokn Fjord, on the east. Stavanger was settled in the 8th century and became the seat of a bishopric in the 12th century, when the Cathedral of St. Swithin was built. Although it received a royal charter as a trading town in 1425, Stavanger grew very slowly. After the Protestant Reformation its bishopric was transferred to Kristiansand in 1682, but a new Lutheran bishopric was reestablished there in 1925. Food processing, especially the canning of sardines and other fish products, shipbuilding, and shipping are the city's chief economic activities together with the refining of North Sea oil, first drilled in 1971. Stavanger became the centre for all service activities connected with Norway's burgeoning North Sea oil and gas industry. Its protected ice-free harbour is the closest major Norwegian port to Great Britain. The Norwegian Canning School is located there, as are the Kongsgrd Grammar School (formerly a royal residence), the Valbergtrn Watchtower, an art gallery, and a museum. The Cathedral of St. Swithin, with its Norman and Gothic architecture, is a popular tourist attraction. Stavanger is the gateway to the Jren agricultural district, lying to the south of the city. Pop. (1992 est.) mun., 99,764.