SUNDAY, BILLY

born Nov. 19, 1862/63, Ames, Iowa, U.S. died Nov. 6, 1935, Chicago byname of William Ashley Sunday American evangelist whose revivals and sermons reflected the emotional upheavals caused by transition from rural to industrial society in the United States. Sunday grew up as an orphan and worked as an undertaker's assistant before entering professional baseball in 1883. In 1891 he gave up baseball to become a YMCA worker but turned in 1896 to conducting religious revivals in major American cities. Ordained a Presbyterian minister in 1903, Sunday was theologically a Fundamentalist. Following the lead of the American evangelist Dwight L. Moody, and with the aid of a choir director named Homer A. Rodeheaver and a score of revival specialists, he conducted more than 300 revivals with an estimated attendance of 100,000,000. Also prominent in the movement to prohibit liquor sales in the United States, Sunday reached the peak of his fame in his New York City revival of 1917, two years before prohibition became national policy by constitutional amendment. He claimed that 1,000,000 hit the sawdust trail to come forward and profess their conversion to Christ as a result of his preaching. Considered by some critics a sensationalist, he nevertheless gained the enthusiastic support of evangelical churches and influential laymen.