VALENTE, JOS NGEL

born April 25, 1929, Orense, Galicia, Spain died July 18, 2000, Geneva, Switz. Spanish lyric poet and essayist who published translations and criticism in addition to more than 20 books of his own verse. The themes of his often philosophical poems are exile, death, and poverty in modern Spain. He is considered by some to be Spain's best postwar poet. Valente graduated in 1953 from the University of Madrid and later studied and lectured at the University of Oxford in England. From 1958 to 1980 he worked as a translator for several international organizations headquartered in Geneva. Valente's earliest work is characterized by simple verse devoid of artifice and by an objective representation of reality. A modo de esperanza (1955; In the Manner of Hope) confronts the problems of death and loss while presenting many scenes from everyday life. La memoria y los signos (1966; The Memory and the Signs) deals in part with the Spanish Civil War and contains many biographical and historical sections. In his later works Valente began to experiment with more complex and allusive verse. Presentacin y memorial para un monumento (1970; Presentation and Memorial for a Monument), for example, discusses the dogmatism of modern society and the agony of the individual. In Material memoria (1979; 2nd ed., expanded, 1995) Valente meditates on life and art. The 54 prose poems in No amanece el cantor (1992; The Singer Does Not Awake) are abstract and elliptical, playing with the concept of negatives and positives, such as dark and light, absence and presence, silence and speech. Two of his volumes, Poemes de Lzaro (1960; Poems of Lazarus) and Tres lecciones de tinieblas (1980; Three Lessons of Darkness), won prestigious literary awards in Spain. Valente also wrote two series of essays on a variety of subjects, including the Catholic mystic Saint Teresa of vila and the German painter Matthias Grnewald. They are collected in Variaciones sobre el pjaro y la red; precedido de la piedra y el centro (1991; Variations on the Bird and the Net; Preceded by the Stone and the Centre).