WELLS

city, Mendip district, administrative and historic county of Somerset, England, at the foot of the Mendip Hills. The name derives from the many springs rising near the cathedral, which was begun in the 12th century and dominates the city. In general, Wells has been little affected by modern industry and growth. It remains a modest service centre, its Market Place and shopping district lying in the shadow of its magnificent cathedral, and it is much frequented by tourists. Wells became the seat of a bishopric when the ancient diocese of Sherborne was divided in 909. In 1088 the see was removed, but a century later Bishop Jocelin returned and built the existing palace. Since 1242 the see has been known as that of Bath and Wells. The first municipal charter, from the bishop, dates from 1201. The city is an example of an English cathedral city and has an exceptional set of buildings ancillary to the cathedral. The 15th-century deanery is complete, as is the palace. The archdeaconry, once occupied by Polydore Vergil, is now used as a theological college (founded in 1841). There is the unique College of Vicars Choral, built in the 14th century with a chapel at one end, dining hall at the other, and living quarters in between. The chancellor's house forms the Wells Museum with an exceptional collection of finds from the limestone caves of Mendip. The Market Place has on the north side a row of shops, now with Georgian fronts. Pop. (1991) 9,763.