WILD RICE

Wild rice (Zizania aquatica). also called Indian Rice, Water Rice, or Water Oats (species Zizania aquatica), coarse annual grass of the family Poaceae whose grain, now often considered a delicacy, has long been an important food of North American Indians. Despite its name, the plant is not related to rice (Oryza sativa). Wild rice grows in shallow water in marshes and along the shores of streams and lakes in north-central North America. Natural stands of wild rice formerly provided a staple food of many Indians of the Midwest. Cultivated varieties of wild rice are now grown in man-made paddies in Minnesota and California, where the plants are planted and harvested on a large scale by mechanical means. Natural and cultivated stands also provide food and shelter for waterfowl and other birds. The wild rice plant is about 1 to 3 m (3 to 10 feet) tall and is topped with a large, open flower cluster. The ripened grains, dark brown to purplish black, are slender rods 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 inch) long. A closely related perennial, Z. caducifolia (or Z. latifolia), is cultivated as a vegetable in eastern Asia.