WITWATERSRAND

also called The Rand, ridge of gold-bearing rock mostly in Gauteng province, South Africa. Its name means ridge of white waters. The highland, which forms the watershed between the Vaal and Limpopo rivers, is about 62 miles (100 km) long and 23 miles (37 km) wide; its average elevation is about 5,600 feet (1,700 m). Its rich gold deposits, occurring in conglomerate beds known as reefs, were discovered in 1886. A heavy in-migration of miners followed, and the city of Johannesburg grew near the centre of the Witwatersrand. The tailing dumps of the gold mines stretch the entire length of the ridge, and chains of lakes created by water pumped from the mines occupy adjoining valleys. The politically defined Witwatersrand region consists of 14 magisterial districts extending from Randfontein and Krugersdorp districts in the west to Springs and Delmas districts in the east. Pop. (1985) 3,572,171.