ZUMALACRREGUI Y DE IMAZ, TOMS DE

born Dec. 29, 1788, Ormiztegui, Spain died June 24, 1835, Cegama Spanish military tactician and the most brilliant soldier to fight for Don Carlos, a Bourbon traditionalist contender for the Spanish throne, in the First Carlist War (183339). Zumalacrregui abandoned his legal studies in 1808 to fight against the French in the Spanish War of Independence, in which he rose to the rank of captain. His royalist sympathies and deep religious convictions, however, made him unpopular and blocked his promotion until after 1823, when he was made a colonel and military governor of El Ferrol del Caudillo. Zumalacrregui joined the Carlists in December 1833. An energetic organizer, he undertook the unification and disciplining of a Carlist army in Navarre and the Basque Provinces (in northern Spain). He then embarked upon a victorious military campaign marked by brutality on both sides. At the height of his success, Zumalacrregui was ordered, against his better judgment, to besiege the northern seaport of Bilbao, where incompetent medical attention for a minor wound led to his death.