adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a civil action (= involving business or property, rather than a crime )
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The victim can seek damages in a civil action.
a civil case (= not a criminal case )
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He is involved with civil cases, not criminal ones.
a civil ceremony (= a wedding ceremony that is not a religious one )
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They married in a registrar's office, in a civil ceremony.
a civil court (= for cases about disagreements )
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Eviction proceedings take place in a civil court.
a civil disturbance (= fighting between different groups of people in a country )
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Two men had already been killed in civil disturbances.
a civil rights lawyer
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He has worked as a civil rights lawyer for over twenty years.
a civil society (= a society based on laws that everyone accepts )
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The protection of human rights is essential for a civil society.
a civil trial (= for cases dealing with the private affairs of citizens, rather than cases involving a crime )
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In civil trials, the jury's decision need not be unanimous.
a civil war (= between opposing groups within a country )
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the English Civil War
a civil wedding American English (= a wedding that is not performed by a religious leader )
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Only church or civil weddings have full legal status.
Civil Contingencies Committee, the
civil defence
civil disobedience
civil engineer (= one who designs and builds roads, bridges etc )
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He trained as a civil engineer .
civil engineering
civil law (= laws concerning disagreements between people, rather than crimes )
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The punishment for breaking civil law is usually a fine.
civil law
civil liability (= responsiblity for injury or damage covered by civil law )
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A company operating a ship which spills oil into the sea will face civil liability.
civil liberty
Civil List
civil partner
civil partnership
civil proceedings (= not relating to a criminal charge )
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The couple say they will take civil proceedings against the medics for professional misconduct.
civil rights demonstration/movement etc
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a civil rights leader
civil rights (= the rights that every person in a society should have )
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As a young man, he was deeply involved in the struggle for civil rights.
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the civil rights movement
civil rights
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a civil rights leader
civil servant
civil service
civil suit
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a civil suit
civil unrest (= between groups of people in a country, or between the people and the government )
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Our country is being ripped apart by civil unrest.
civil war
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the Spanish Civil War
ethnic/religious/civil etc strife
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a time of political strife
protest/civil rights/peace etc march
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I went on a lot of peace marches when I was a student.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
action
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But the solicitor for the three cleared men says he doubts a civil action would have succeeded.
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The civil action , filed by the victims' families, is scheduled to go to trial April 2.
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A civil action for trespass to the person followed.
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Still, both groups do get involved in civil actions against individuals.
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In a civil action for damages at Melbourne magistrates' court, Dale denied punching De Pace.
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These civil actions failed to stop the irrepressible hotelier from operating his illegal ferry system.
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Such civil action settlements, whilst absolutely large are again relatively insignificant.
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A second typical case would be a civil action suit which will probably move slowly and take two to three years.
aviation
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The proposed merger called into question Britain's civil aviation policy of the previous twenty years.
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In addition to civil aviation crashes, the independent board looks into some highway, railroad, marine and pipeline accidents.
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The Assembly passed a law on civil aviation and amended existing legislation on export-import taxes.
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At the same time Beaverbrook told the House of Lords of Britain's willingness to attend an international conference on civil aviation .
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Roosevelt, like Churchill, saw the significance of postwar civil aviation , and believed in free and open competition.
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This radical and sweeping blueprint for Britain's peacetime civil aviation industry was considered by the War Cabinet on 25 February 1943.
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The comparable figures for research connected with defence, space and civil aviation were £1343 million, £52 million and £69 million.
case
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But shortly after the trial the twin's parents announced that they were considering pursuing a civil case for damages.
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Such cases could be met by adopting for civil cases a procedure similar to the Attorney-General's reference in criminal proceedings.
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In the civil case , the plaintiffs sought to shield him from such harsh treatment by limiting the scope of his testimony.
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Figure 1.3 represents the appeal structure for civil cases , Figure 1.4 the appeal structure in criminal cases.
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Nor is there any double jeopardy bar to a civil case following a criminal acquittal.
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It is available in criminal as well as civil cases .
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The hell can you do in a civil case ?
court
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Currently eviction must follow lengthy proceedings in the civil courts .
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For the moment, these religious courts work in tandem with Soviet-style civil courts.
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Figure 1.1 represents the civil court structure and Figure 1.2 represents the criminal court structure.
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The Woldemariams have a wrongful death case against Broadus and Lee pending in civil court .
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Yet the structure of the civil court and the way they work has not kept pace with these changes.
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Martial law can not operate where civil courts are open. 20.
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He said the country's criminal and civil courts were creaking at the seams in spite of efforts to shore them up.
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Simpson was acquitted in 1995 and is now being sued in civil court by the victims' families.
defence
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The country has made few preparations for civil defence .
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These difficulties were greatly exacerbated by poor civil defence planning.
disobedience
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Non-cooperation and civil disobedience , as Gandhi understands them, can not be construed as a coercive threat in this sense.
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We would not endorse civil disobedience .
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Nothing in their training or previous experience had accustomed them to this kind of civil disobedience .
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In Pittsburgh, there were a few sit-ins, invasions of churches, minor civil disobedience .
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This was true civil disobedience rather than mere non-co-operation.
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The week I spent in the ashram this energy and passion were driving Gandhi toward another campaign of civil disobedience .
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The Battle of Seattle was certainly a spectacular display of civil disobedience-but did it represent anything more than that?
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Do we intend to commit civil disobedience ?
disorder
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By 1968, 15,000 men had been trained for handling civil disorder .
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It hopes for a significant export trade in this latest answer to civil disorder .
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Hunger, disease and civil disorder would destroy what was left of civilization.
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Most movement is voluntary; some is involuntary and in response to conflict, civil disorder , and natural disaster.
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Yu was thus the very symbol of civil disorder .
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The Public Order Act represented the culmination of a long debate within the government about how increased civil disorder should be controlled.
disturbance
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He had chosen November 5 as a traditional day of civil disturbance .
engineer
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On discovering the fretting, he informed the chief civil engineer who imposed a strict speed limit on the bridge.
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The Internal Revenue Service acknowledges that McGill, a retired civil engineer , never owed the government.
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Workshops and initiatives for the newly arrived civil engineers , tile-makers and labourers did not materialise.
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Trafalgar was chiefly a property group, with hotel and travel interests and civil engineers such as Trollope and Colls.
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Brad Joss, civil engineer , killed in a vehicle accident in Sonoma County on Jan. 4, 1994.
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He also had a working association with the civil engineer Robert Sabine, one of the pioneers of transatlantic telegraphy.
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The some one was a respected civil engineer , Charles B.. Stuart, who had worked surveying both lines.
engineering
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This week we are starting the service with a selection of contracts in the energy and civil engineering sectors.
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But his principal contribution was in the field of civil engineering , as a builder of road and railway bridges.
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Robots for civil engineering will be worth £23 million by the same year, the association calculates.
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At the age of twenty-four he began an apprenticeship with Stothert &038; Company of Bath, civil engineering contractors.
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This it estimated would cost between £120 million and £225 million because it would need major civil engineering works.
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He completed two years of a civil engineering course at Nottingham University before moving to Lyon.
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Almost everywhere these edifices of civil engineering , the basis of life in urban Britain, have been taken for granted.
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Or for a civil engineering student not to appreciate the environmental implications of large-scale works such as the channel tunnel.
justice
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Yet solicitors had considerable anxieties about aspects of the preparations for this drastic re-engineering of the civil justice system.
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Six months is not a long time in which to evaluate the most radical overhaul of the civil justice system since 1875.
law
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The civil law position is less problematical.
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At age sixteen, he had received his doctorate in canon and civil law .
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What civil laws might have been tempered with mercy as a result?
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Many of these provisions would be quite unacceptable to a civil law country.
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Moreover, once the elements of theft are satisfied, it does not matter that the victim has no civil law remedy.
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In post-classical law the traditional procedural scheme of the civil law evaporated, and all claims were heard under the cognitio procedure.
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Many civil law systems find room for oral evidence at the eventual hearing.
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At civil law reasonable force may be used to evict a trespasser.
liberties
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From the early 1960s the party had seen the issue of civil liberties as a key area of agitation.
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The bill has bogged down in bitter disputes over the balance between law enforcement and civil liberties .
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Many abolitionists' heads had been bloodied and civil liberties abused without benefit of federal protection.
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Certainly Clinton and Gore could have done more to advance civil liberties .
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The civil liberties group is seeking a preliminary injunction barring Republican Gov.
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The willingness to bend the rules to authorize a major invasion of civil liberties contrasts sharply with the Spycatcher case.
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The other force wants privacy and civil liberties .
liberty
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This is not civil liberty but plain silliness.
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Under Conservative rule civil liberty became seriously eroded.
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The Westerners, on the other hand, envisaged progress towards civil liberty and economic justice along Western lines.
litigation
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If this had been ordinary civil litigation I would have agreed.
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The constitutional question before the court is whether a sitting president may be forced to face civil litigation while in office.
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After that, Feingold joined a Madison law firm and practiced civil litigation , including First Amendment law.
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Allen goes on to explain that his own work is in civil litigation .
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Clearly civil litigation is often very expensive.
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It is also manna to lawyers looking for juicy briefs in civil litigation .
proceeding
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The immunity of diplomats from civil proceedings was also being more and more clearly asserted.
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It was suggested that under the circumstances civil proceedings might have been preferable to a court martial.
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The Act contains similar requirements to those in civil proceedings .
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Infringements can be dealt with by an out-of-court settlement or if necessary by civil proceedings .
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There is no legal requirement for a child's evidence to be corroborated in civil proceedings .
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Either criminal or civil proceedings may be brought by the Attorney General.
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Under civil proceedings , the appropriate care and cure of the young offender is, in theory at least, the only consideration.
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However, I wish to address one potentially significant impact of the Act in relation to secure accommodation applications in civil proceedings .
servant
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Some senior civil servants remain sceptical.
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Ministers were not civil servants , but rarely developed a distinct role.
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His civil servant thought that Ramsey should be invited.
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Many ministers and senior civil servants are convinced Britain will be dragged into the civil war in 1993.
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He will meet civil servants from Britain on 15 April.
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One civil servant has retired on ill health grounds and two downgraded.
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The internal fax was addressed to a dozen civil servants within the Department of Social Security.
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However, civil servants may appear in magistrates' courts as prosecutors without violating this restrictive practice.
service
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The same principle applies to the civil service , where rank is determined in part by the number of employees one supervises.
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For those in this upper-middle range of ability employment in the civil service may well offer better rewards.
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These three, but particularly the Compendium, became the basis of all civil service examinations.
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But the episode nevertheless did focus attention on the corruption that is rife within the civil service .
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The terms of employment, which are still linked to the civil service , are to be changed.
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However, most national politicians and local councillors share the civil service preference for the functional and centralized system based on Whitehall.
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As for the civil service , it had to be cut down to the lowest level necessary.
society
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The State exercises coercion, but civil society performs the function of maintaining hegemony, or domination by consent.
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They will further the integration of their armed forces with civil society as an important expression of democracy. 21.
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We must look at what people would be like outside of, and prior to, civil society .
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All efforts to develop a civil society and increase contacts might now be terminated.
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I propose a New Deal between government and civil society actors in global governance.
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In the shorthand of the modern world, business is seen as dynamic, civil society as conservative.
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Democratic civil society is relatively strong and well-organised.
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Success will require partnership with other states, international agencies, civil society and with the pharmaceutical industry.
strife
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Ethically, it is impossible to redistribute income intentionally in a developing country to see if civil strife erupts.
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After a week of civil strife , Jerusalem itself was captured by the rebels.
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For a considerable part of the intervening period there was recurrent civil strife between magnate and dynastic factions.
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They blamed the republic's nationalistic coalition government for the slide into civil strife .
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But there were present all the ingredients of stasis, civil strife .
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His final model of civil strife is depicted in Figure 5.1.
suit
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Many others were involved in civil suits or attended court as spectators.
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Only 42 civil suits resulted, with no verdicts in favor of the plaintiff.
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Canseco is now 6-0 in civil suits .
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The guy could still walk, and we had filed a civil suit , for assault and battery.
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In 1995, their civil suits were among the more than 40, 000 filed in federal courts by prison inmates.
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The civil suit , which had sought $ 10 million in damages, ended in an undisclosed settlement on Tuesday, however.
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Forsyth sued; but when the civil suit was finally argued, he lost.
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Higgins' parents are pursuing a civil suit against six Cowboys officers.
trial
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In the civil trial , Simpson did both and came off looking very much like a man who had much to hide.
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Some victims of police abuse received compensation in local civil trials .
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The civil trial provided a more subdued sequel, since Fujisaki refused to allow television cameras into his courtroom.
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And civil trials and criminal trials are very different in different ways.
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Unlike during the criminal trial , the civil trial was based on three separate lawsuits.
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Fuhrman did not testify in the civil trial .
unrest
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The loss of revenue from areas of the country affected by civil unrest had also contributed to the deficit.
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If there was civil unrest , they said, it would be the responsibility of the attorney-general, Janet Reno.
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Urban violence and civil unrest were mushrooming like small bombs threatening to blow up the machine from within.
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The civil unrest was not his department.
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Religious dissent is, indeed, one source of civil unrest .
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There was increased military representation, reflecting the leadership's concern that economic reforms might lead to civil unrest .
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So long as we're mainly dependent upon oil, the possibility of high prices and ensuing civil unrest will always exist.
war
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George Orwell wrote of the civil war within a civil war, for he was present when this conflict erupted in Barcelona.
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This is civil war , and civil wars are ipso facto destructive for all involved.
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The civil war that followed claimed far more civilians than combatants; by some estimates the death toll exceeds 200,000.
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The crisis has unsettled financial markets and brought dire predictions of revolution or civil war from some politicians.
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This was followed by intervention, by an ... intensification of the class struggle, which assumed the form of civil war .
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We have to judge whether recognition of two republics now would increase the very real danger of civil war in other republics.
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A rising inflationary trend and a persistent fiscal deficit during 1990 were exacerbated by the continuing civil war and rising petrol prices.
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The communities were not directly affected by civil war or violence.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
keep a civil tongue in your head
the Civil List
the civil service
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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civil aviation
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I expect a civil answer when I ask you a question.
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I know you don't like Phil, but try to be civil .
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I wish you'd be a little more civil towards our guests.
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Many civil cases can be settled out of court.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Since an exchange's rules are a civil contract, the prosecution only needs to meet the civil law standard of proof.
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The internal organization of state policy-making has tended to reflect the lines of cleavage within dominant economic groups of civil society.
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This concept is based on the fact that for both civil and military imports there is only one source of financing exports.