adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a federal constitution (= relating to a central government, not a state )
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Canada was granted a federal constitution in 1867.
a federal court (= a national court rather than a state court )
a federal election (= to elect a federal government )
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The federal elections are scheduled for May 2.
a federal offense American English (= a very serious offence against the law of the US, rather than against a state’s law )
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The turtles are rare, and it is a federal offense to take them to another state.
a national/federal commission
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the National Commission on Terrorism
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the
federal government (= in the US, the government of the whole country rather than of the individual states )
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The state, rather than the federal government, would have to pay the extra cost.
federal judge/high court judge etc (= a judge in a particular court )
federal law (= the law of the US, not a particular state )
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Under federal law, it is illegal to discriminate against employees because of race or sex.
federal legislation American English
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Federal legislation is drafted primarily by the staffs of the congressional committees.
federal spending
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He said his goal could be reached by slashing federal spending.
government/federal regulations
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Small businessman are fed up with government regulations.
state/national/federal etc legislature
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the state legislature of Virginia
the national/federal/state budget
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He has a plan to balance the federal budget.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
agency
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Next are the priority needs of federal agencies and organizations, then imports of energy, and finally imports of consumer goods.
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But he noted that federal agencies are working to improve their ability to predict space weather storms.
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Congress has surrendered vast powers to independent federal agencies over which it and the president have little or no authority.
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In effect, Congress repeatedly gave away a sizable chunk of power to the unelected civil servants who staff federal agencies .
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They are behind federal agencies in other parts of the country and overseas in whittling away at piles of backlogged work.
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This latest edition, the first mandated by federal law, is to be promoted by federal agencies .
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Some information was obtained through electronic eavesdropping conducted by federal agencies .
agent
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The cult has been barricaded in a block of buildings since a shootout with federal agents on 28 February.
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Ninety federal agents arrested the seven Bay Area defendants Wednesday and seized more than 800 additional guns.
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Four federal agents and perhaps up to 15 cult members died.
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He figured he stood better chances shooting it out with federal agents who had more firepower.
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Starting in the early 1990s, federal agents began setting up sting operations, including several in Maryland.
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The plane crash involves Dave with drug dealers, killers and federal agents , all of whom threaten his peace and family.
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When critical habitat is designated, it does not mean federal agents in unmarked helicopters start circling private property.
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In the past several months federal agents have arrested at least four women accused of participating in the scheme, Scalzo said.
aid
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The governor had not asked for federal aid , and none was offered.
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In accordance with the form in Emergency Plan White, a presidential proclamation extending federal aid was drafted.
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Another source of increasing tension in the federal aid system concerned citizen participation in decisionmaking.
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Administrative organization is another factor that impeded attempts to acquire federal aid .
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The mayor should have declared it a national disaster-area to obtain federal aid for emergency elocution-instruction.
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In Phoenix any aggressive tendencies were dampened by the location of these agencies within a government structure that frowned on federal aid .
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To the states' taxpayers who will have to take up the slack as federal aid recedes?
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The fiscal problems of the city, since 1979, have not been attributable to decreases in federal aid .
appeal
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Forty percent of death sentences have been overturned at federal appeal in recent years.
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His case raises a number of issues about controversial speech and illustrates how one federal appeals court treated them.
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The Louisiana legislation had also been declared unconstitutional in September by a federal appeals court.
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It imperiously overruled not only the Florida court but also the federal appeals court in Atlanta.
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A federal appeals court has lifted the injunction, allowing for extraditions until the constitutionality of the statute is decided next year.
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A federal appeals court ruled in James's favor.
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A federal appeals court upheld the ban, approved by California voters in 1996.
authority
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It was also reported that the Governor of Sokoto had decided to take up the issue with the federal authorities in Lagos.
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On Wednesday, he was in the custody of federal authorities in Baton Rouge.
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Later this month, federal authorities are expected to announce plans to reduce their supplies of water to farmers by three-quarters.
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Sanchez Ortega dropped out of sight within days of his being questioned by federal authorities and has not been seen since.
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Amid an increasingly hostile war of words, Finley has criticized Racicot for reneging on a promise to cooperate with federal authorities .
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The leak continues for 16 days before the company tells state and federal authorities .
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According to court records, two of the killers told Fiato about their role in the murder and Fiato told federal authorities .
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The case against Thanong represents one of the largest marijuana prosecutions ever brought by federal authorities , officials said.
budget
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Since convening in January 1995, the House has voted for amendments that required a balanced federal budget and forbade flag desecration.
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Though sharply reduced in the last couple of years, federal budget deficits continue.
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They have kept the government shut to pressure the president to agree to a seven-year plan to balance the federal budget .
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Clinton and congressional Republicans have been at odds over a plan to balance the federal budget in seven years.
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Medicare, Medicaid and other entitlement programs that comprise two-thirds of the federal budget .
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In fact, the federal budget is designed to deflect responsibility away from politicians.
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Traders pointed to the federal budget stalemate and worries the gridlock could continue indefinitely.
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Many financial stocks were weak, as the collapse of federal budget talks pushed interest rates higher.
court
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A federal court has ordered that this must be done by June 1st; voters have already turned down one plan.
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Controversial from the start, Barkett has raised the ire of conservatives for a number of decisions since joining the federal court .
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They were backed by the attorney-general, Janet Reno, and a federal court .
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No, ruled a federal court in a Texas case.
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A lower federal court ruled that, irrespective of the circumstances, such disciplinary action is never permitted without a prior hearing.
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The two alleged gunmen are awaiting trial in federal court .
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The lower federal court created both the 15-foot zone around the clinic entrances and the floating zone.
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Under the legislation, federal courts would be required to consider local land disputes if Fifth Amendment questions are involved.
deficit
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The federal deficit is at a 23-year low.
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Because the rest of the government borrows from it, it masks the size of the federal deficit .
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When you hear some figure referred to as the federal deficit , that is after this convenient bit of jiggery-pokery.
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Dole, by contrast, did best among voters who listed the federal deficit as their chief concern.
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The trade and federal deficits were worsening.
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But Clinton showed that hundreds of federal programs will be on a strict diet during the struggle to eliminate the federal deficit .
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The Act would have forced across-the-board cutbacks if the federal deficit grew too high.
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Congress is currently considering whether to auction off the frequencies and using the proceeds to reduce the federal deficit .
district
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Fiers appeared in a federal District court on July 9 and pleaded guilty to two misdemeanour counts of withholding information from Congress.
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The decision was announced by federal district judge William Hoeveler at a pre-trial hearing on Jan. 11.
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The case bounced back and forth between a federal district judge and a court of appeals three times.
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The country is divided into 20 states, two federal territories, a federal district around the capital and 72 federal dependencies.
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Decisions of the federal district courts are reported in the Federal Supplement and are similarly cited.
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The federal district court, upon the request of the school board, ordered noninterference with desegregation.
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The suit was filed Monday in federal District Court in Manhattan.
election
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A total of 24 parties, movements and coalitions contested the federal elections .
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It is also barred by federal election law from advising PACs on how to distribute their campaign funds.
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The new party was setting its sights on multiparty federal elections expected by the end of the year.
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No one believes that money given to the two campaigns' national committees was not intended to influence a federal election .
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She is now certain to play a key role in federal elections later this year.
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It underscored the party's role in the next federal election , expected to be called by November.
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She hopes to exploit the preferential voting system in the federal elections to unseat the ruling coalition.
employee
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For example, a federal employee who was thinking of buying a new car is going to postpone that decision.
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Only 13 percent of top federal employees said they would recommend a career in public service.
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He remains a federal employee and is handling preparations for the upcoming meeting of the seven major industrial nations.
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And, unlike federal employees , they have no guarantee of pay for lost time.
funds
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The United States has forbidden the use of federal funds for human cloning research.
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The Fed lowered the key federal funds rate on overnight bank loans twice last year, in July and December.
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In all, $ 2.2 million in federal funds was illegally diverted by those convicted, prosecutors said.
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Last year, both programs spent $ 260 billion in federal funds .
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Y., has introduced a bill to ban federal funds from being spent on programs that teach ebonics as a language.
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Medicaid is paid for by a combination of state and federal funds .
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That in turn could mean an end to federal funds .
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They last lowered the benchmark federal funds target for loans between banks on Dec. 19.
government
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New transitional government Calfa's federal government resigned on June 26.
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The states still could, but the federal government had left the field: the forty-eight governors stood there alone.
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Employers who hire a worker must contact the federal government , which checks to ensure that the new bloke has his papers.
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When the federal government runs a deficit, it borrows the extra money by selling more Treasury bonds to the public.
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This has prompted state appeals for help from the federal government .
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With corporations announcing big layoffs and the federal government partly shut down, consumers seemed reluctant to spend money.
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Each province has its own elected governor and legislature, concerned with all matters not delegated to the federal government .
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It is crucial to the story that the practical examples of change cited here were ordered by the federal government .
grant
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On homelessness, he boasted about a multimillion-dollar federal grant Rep.
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Model cities stressed local planning flexibility and the coordination of federal grant programs.
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On Tuesday, Kansas became the first state to furlough state employees, paid through federal grants , who process unemployment claims.
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The proposal was approved and the program was given a $ 50, 000 Eisenhower federal grant for six months.
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With a $ 4 million federal grant , Sweetwater is beginning to train 900 teachers in the use of computers.
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Last September, they cut off our federal grant .
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The term refers to the idea that federal grants should be concentrated on areas or groups presumed to have the greatest need.
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Funding for this program, undertaken with a federal grant , now depends precariously on state support.
income
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Last year, she said, they paid more than $ 3, 000 in federal income taxes.
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Experts say there is a good chance Congress will eventually convert the decades-old federal income tax into something else.
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Politicians, sensing wide and profound dissatisfaction with the status quo, have proposed significant changes in our federal income tax.
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Others have proposed replacing the federal income tax with something else entirely, such as a national sales tax.
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Dole has proposed a 15 percent cut in federal income taxes.
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He would scrap the federal income tax and replace it with a national sales tax, a radical idea.
investigation
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The convictions capped a two-year federal investigation that showed the ex-officers accepted payoffs for protecting the drug shipments.
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But political fisticuffs may be less worrisome for him than the mess created by the indictments and the continuing federal investigations .
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The soft drink deal was placed on hold last year after the Postal Service Board of Governors learned of the federal investigation .
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Woodward placed a quick call to a source working on the federal investigation .
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Zimmermann was the target of a federal investigation for his role in creating a publicly available cryptography program called Pretty Good Privacy.
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Traficant, who has a number of constituents alleging problems with the implants, has been calling for federal investigations since 1995.
judge
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A federal judge ordered Bher reinstated.
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It was also last month that a federal judge refused to dismiss the state lawsuit against Desert Diamond Casino.
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On March 6 a federal judge , Gabriel Cavallo, repealed two amnesty laws that had guaranteed immunity for 1,180 army officers.
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They could run naked in the streets, and no law, no federal judge , could stop them.
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A federal judge , John W.. Oliver, agreed, and a new era was upon us.
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Environmentalists hate loggers and loggers hate federal judges .
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Then there is the question of the selection of federal judges and their interpretation of the Constitution.
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Kennedy again called upon a federal judge in New York to have his client released.
law
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The suspension of over 40 federal laws in the republic was announced the following day.
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The bill was blocked last year by conservative Republicans and liberal Democrats concerned about over-zealous federal law enforcement.
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A federal law spells out the penalties for missing the deadline to cut air pollution.
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The problem was to find a claim we could bring under federal law .
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This is obviously a case that should not have been tried under federal law in the first place.
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The Administration argues that federal law and prison policy conform to this approach for the most part.
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This latest edition, the first mandated by federal law , is to be promoted by federal agencies.
level
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Third, at federal level the parties are accordingly much less unified by political ideologies.
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Under the new rules, state prisoners would have only one chance to appeal their convictions at the federal level .
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Other problems, however, need a helping hand at the federal level .
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Besides, the boundaries of the leprosarium were permeable, and surveillance at the federal level was almost nonexistent.
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At federal level the Liberal-National opposition needed only a swing of 1.4 percent for victory.
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There have been some strides at the federal level in cleaning up diesels.
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At the federal level , things may be even worse.
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At the federal level , Sen.
money
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Supreme Court would not allow federal money to be used.
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His interest in the workings of Washington was confined primarily to obtaining federal money and laws for Chicago.
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Not a penny of federal money could come into Chicago without clearing through Daley.
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No additional federal money could be used to purchase land to expand Headwaters, according to the agreement.
official
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The federal officials presented a draft of their plan for the extension.
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But state, local and federal officials in Los Angeles said the situation was not as dire.
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Arrangoiz did try to reduce expenses by lowering the salaries of federal officials from twenty-five to thirty-three and one-third per cent.
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Beard said federal officials had offered three years ago to buy out the whole town because it is prone to flooding.
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Suddenly interested in the achievement of poor black schoolchildren, pundits, federal officials and policy-makers unanimously condemn Ebonics for lowering standards.
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From their perspective, the discretion used by federal officials produced reluctant justice at best.
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Attempts to radio Denver failed, and moments later his signal vanished, federal officials said.
prison
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Heber is serving his three-year term in a federal prison in Bastrop, Texas.
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Postal investigators recovered the letter at about 6: 30 a. m. Friday morning at a post office outside Leavenworth federal prison .
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We open in familiar Grisham territory, in a low-security federal prison .
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Former longtime President Peter MacDonald is serving a 14-year federal prison sentence after being convicted of riot charges in 1992.
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She had served 23 months in federal prison .
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McVeigh is scheduled to die by lethal injection May 16 at a federal prison in Terre Haute.
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Two were sent to the federal prison and another was found in the postal system.
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While serving a federal prison sentence for mail fraud and tax evasion, &038;.
program
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To match federal program cuts, that proportion would have to dramatically increase.
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But Clinton showed that hundreds of federal programs will be on a strict diet during the struggle to eliminate the federal deficit.
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It is one of the few federal programs from which large budget savings are potentially available.
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In the Phoenix case, and from the perspective of local officials, the federal program contains conflicting objectives.
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Congress is poised to block-grant to the states huge chunks of federal programs .
prosecutor
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Before the pardon was granted, federal prosecutors began investigating new allegations of money laundering and tax evasion.
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Mr Caserta, who left Spectrum in 1994, is already the subject of a similar criminal action brought by federal prosecutors .
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When the trial kicks off Wednesday, federal prosecutors hope to turn Kaczynski indirectly into their star witness.
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Working with Mr Sablosky as investigative counsel was William Callahan, a former federal prosecutor .
regulation
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The Emissions Trading Policy marks a new chapter in flexibility in administrating federal regulations .
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In response, new laws and federal regulations now require better inspection and safer food-handling practices.
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Now our elected representatives are learning firsthand how petty and obnoxious federal regulation can be.
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Under the federal regulations , five thousand cattle were to be bought in the whole state of Wyoming.
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The federal regulations said the Soil Conservation man had to approve the damsite.
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Under the proposed federal regulation , Texas could not give beneficiaries more than two years to find a job.
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The regulations of the states may be more stringent than federal regulations.
regulator
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Four days after he opened, federal regulators demanded a redesign to better accommodate the disabled.
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Approval from Boston Five stockholders and state and federal regulators is required.
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That transaction must be approved by federal regulators , who are expected to scrutinize it closely.
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The banks, in turn, claimed that their hands were tied by federal regulators who discouraged them from lending.
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Last year, complaints from investors led federal regulators to start looking into the firm.
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Although federal regulators say Nader is overstating the problem, they, too, point to examples of unreported safety defects.
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Clinton officials later admitted that the gathering improperly mixed political donors with federal regulators .
state
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Talks about the modalities of dividing the Czechoslovak federal state had resumed on Aug. 4.
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Federalism Article 50 extends the provisions of the Covenant to all parts of federal states .
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There is little evidence to support the claim that federal states are decentralised.
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Some federal states are so centralised that it is doubtful whether one should continue to refer to them as federal.
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The immediate effects of changing the system has been characterised by economic difficulties in the new federal states .
system
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A Chancellor's control over party, especially in a federal system , is crucial.
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The more rabid federalists became impatient with procedural delays and wanted to effect a return to the federal system at once.
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The solution has been a federal system .
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Due respect for the reach of congressional power within the federal system mandates that we do so now.
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Mr Babangida and his predecessors have tried to meet competing ethnic demands by spreading power around regional governments in a federal system .
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His lawyers had exhausted appeals in the state courts, but Kirkpatrick had not filed for a stay in the federal system .
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The simple answer is that there is no evidence that the inhabitants of the United kingdom want a federal system .
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And he laid out welfare measures that he would put in place if Congress and the president abolish the current federal system .
tax
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They offer investors federal tax credits -- and, in some cases, matching provincial credits.
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That would push the top federal tax rate for these under-$ 60, 000 earners to 40 % or more.
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This was to be financed without raising federal taxes .
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The proposals surfaced after Congress decided to explore ways to overhaul the cumbersome federal tax system.
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By Jan. 1, 2000, there will be no state or federal taxes of any kind.
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Kawaja owes $ 66, 541 in unpaid income taxes and penalties, according to federal tax liens.
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And they would shred the 40, 500-page federal tax code and replace it with a set of clear, concise rules.
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Y., congressman made no effort to hide his disdain for almost every type of federal tax .
worker
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With luck, in a year the place should begin to teem with federal workers .
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About 900 of the nearly 3, 500 federal workers at Johnson continued to work in November.
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Gramm suggested recently that the partial government shutdown was evidence that furloughed federal workers were unnecessary.
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But because of the blizzard nearly all federal workers here were forced to spend another day away from the office.
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Some 800, 000 federal workers were sent home for six days in November.
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They want cash for their services, and we as federal workers want cash for our services.
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But federal workers and private contractors not being paid are frightened about failing to meet mortgage and other financial obligations.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
federal/US marshal
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Arnold Schwarzenegger undergoes more perils as a federal marshal who erases the pasts of government informers and relocates them.
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Bottles, bricks and rocks were hurtling toward the federal marshals surrounding the campus administration building.
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Governor Ross Barnett of Mississippi did not want federal marshals to displace his authority.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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federal agencies
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Federal funding for the project was cut last year
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federal income tax
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It is against federal law to discriminate against someone because of religion.
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Medicaid is a large federal health care program for the poor.
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Most people want to see new federal gun laws introduced.
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Several federal officials have been charged with corruption.
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the Federal Bureau of Investigation
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The Federal Republic of Germany was the official name of West Germany.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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A federal court ruled this month that Napster helped users to violate music copyright laws.
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Besides, the boundaries of the leprosarium were permeable, and surveillance at the federal level was almost nonexistent.
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By 1981 the federal government was running a deficit.
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Model cities stressed local planning flexibility and the coordination of federal grant programs.
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That he might have surrendered and taken his chances in federal court defended by a lawyer?
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The Fed last trimmed its target for federal funds, or overnight loans between banks, on Dec. 19.
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The number of state and federal inmates rose by 89, 707, which was the largest annual increase in history.
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The river of federal cash has one source: election-year politics.