I. adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a preliminary/initial examination
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The inland revenue began a preliminary examination of his tax returns in August.
an early/initial setback (= happening quite soon )
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The policy has been successful, despite some early setbacks.
initial enthusiasm (= happening at the beginning, but not lasting )
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After a few months, their initial enthusiasm had started to wane.
initial reluctance
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Despite some initial reluctance, they approved the plan.
initial/early optimism (= optimism that you feel at the start of a process, especially when it does not continue )
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There was initial optimism about a breakthrough in relations between the two countries.
sb's first/initial impulse
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Her first impulse was to turn and walk away.
sb's first/initial instinct
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His first instinct was to try and hide.
sb’s first/initial/immediate impression
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My first impression was that Terry’s version of the events was untrue.
sb’s first/initial/immediate reaction
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His first reaction was to laugh.
the early/initial stages
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Sometimes there are problems in the early stages of a project.
the immediate/initial/short-term aim (= that you hope to achieve quickly )
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The immediate aim is to develop the travel business.
the initial/early/final stages of negotiation
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The offer was in the final stages of negotiation.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
contact
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Churches To make initial contact with the education sectors of the main churches.
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What did their initial contacts suggest for the future?
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This is a very valuable method of following up the initial contact and we hope you will agree that this may continue.
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We should offer to make the initial contact if the client does not wish to handle this himself.
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Sabine makes the initial contact in a correspondence that flowers into an exchange of life stories and, eventually, hearts.
data
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The costs of gathering the initial data are relatively small in relation to the costs of the research itself.
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This may lead one to think that simplicity should not be considered as just paucity of initial data .
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This is not at all the way that initial data are to be specified in a standard deterministic physical problem.
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The aim was to ensure that the information used in the creation of the initial data base was both accurate and complete.
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This arises from the fact that the accuracy with which the initial data can be known is always limited.
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However, the techniques are still difficult to use in practice for arbitrary initial data .
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As soon as this task had been completed a similar procedure to that of setting up the initial data base was adopted.
impression
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This means that the environment is often very important to the forming of an initial impression .
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The evaluators' initial impression was of a school with a fairly traditional outlook but one in which facilities were enviable.
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After initial impressions , Bodnar climbed on to some concrete slabs and stood back to inspect the first fruits of his design skills.
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Despite the 12:1 contrast ratio claimed for the screen, my initial impression was that it was poor.
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Lack of urgency is the initial impression .
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His Lordship's initial impression was that the case fitted more readily into a contractual than a proprietary slot.
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Certainly my initial impression was that the older boys in particular were resisting the task I'd set them.
investment
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In other words, it is the rate that equates future net cash flows to the initial investment outlay.
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It sold parts of the business to the public months later, tripling its initial investment .
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Consequently, the subsequent discussion will focus on different analyses which may be pursued before or after the initial investment .
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In addition, competition may mean that we are unable to recoup our initial investment even if we win the contract.
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The initial investment can be of any size.
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The initial investment is for ten years.
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People who took up a similar offer about four years ago are making up to five times their initial investment .
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The initial investment is recorded at cost and dividends are recorded as income when received.
letter
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Drop cap a large initial letter at the start of the text that drops into the line or lines of text below.
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Acronyms are words formed from the initial letter or letters of successive parts of a compound term.
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There would be twenty-nine days between the initial letter from County Hall and any action.
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On this principle write all initial letters together on the day you receive instructions, or at the latest the following day.
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The initial letters spell the word H-O-W and serve as a reminder of how recovery is achieved through all one's relationships.
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Local authorities were upset because the initial letters of the phrase were highlighted, spelling an obscene word.
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As we explained in our initial letter , we have been instructed to conduct the sale by means of a strict auction process.
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The method recommended by Rowntree is S Q 3R - the initial letters of the first steps to better reading.
meeting
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Either: As agreed at our initial meeting , we would need to inform your auditors of this appointment.
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By the end of my initial meetings with Robbie, I summed up for myself his emotional development.
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Other forms of communication may well be appropriate after an initial meeting .
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The engagement letter need only be issued after, not before, an initial meeting where potential services are outlined.
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It is necessary, therefore, to be well prepared for the initial meeting .
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The physical aspects of the person seemed to be most important feature of the other person at initial meetings .
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Specific issues can provide initial meeting places, and open up communication, but that communication must build institutional foundations.
period
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During this initial period it will be necessary to use whatever methods appear appropriate to deal with the patient's distress.
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During the initial period , from summer 1994 to summer 1995, Madrid.
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The initial period lasts for 20 working days.
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If the tank is well-established, however, they will normally find enough microorganisms to keep them going during this initial period .
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An initial period of identification is important to a repressed group that has never had adequate self-images.
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The successful candidate will be based at Jealott's Hill but will spend an initial period at Leuven.
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This concession will be granted for an initial period of five years with possible extension after that.
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Ideally the purchaser would wish to have the vendor negotiate actively with the purchaser on an exclusive basis during an initial period .
phase
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In each case, I believe that the initial phase of the exercise is similar.
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They are known to counteract both the vasoconstriction and the enhanced platelet aggregation present in the initial phase of migraine.
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During the initial phase , newly formed mast cell components such as histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes may be released.
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The above described procedure attempts to match the initial phase of contemporary paper based bill of lading issuance.
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The initial phase will concentrate on the monuments housed in the churches and subject them to dusting, washing and cleaning.
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The initial phase of the wartime operational expert system was completed towards the end of 1987.
position
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Since no Pareto gain is possible, the initial position - competitive equilibrium in both markets - is Pareto-efficient.
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First, they ensure that the initial position of competitive equilibrium is indeed an equilibrium.
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We might then expect that final rather than initial position in the clause is where prominence can be achieved.
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In the Hallidayan model, thematic choice is expressed by placing one of these elements in initial position in the clause.
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This is the material description: we are following the particle Xi from its initial position to its deformed one.
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However, latencies were faster for subordinate clauses when they occurred in sentence final position rather than sentence initial position.
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It was also found that businesses with strong initial positions outperformed those with weak initial positions.
reaction
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From a distance of two weeks, the initial reaction to defeat also seems unnecessarily despondent.
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My initial reaction was to punch some one....
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As an initial reaction the girls' parents might have been shocked by what they got up to.
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Accordingly, the initial reaction of the equity markets was utterly perverse.
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My initial reaction had been a prime, although mild, example of ageism in operation.
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The initial reaction of the community to the news of the dump was that it was only what could be expected.
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My initial reaction is that this has to be good news.
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My initial reaction was relief: We had averted another financial crisis.
response
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When they were first introduced they were an enormous boon to the farmer and the initial response was almost euphoric.
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Robert Kennedy, however, continued to insist on a less belligerent initial response .
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Twenty thousand copies were distributed around Birmingham, and Mr Wiseman says that the initial response has been extremely encouraging.
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The initial responses from the government suggest that there may indeed be a reckoning ahead.
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The initial response to this situation came in 1971.
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Bush's initial response has been to lurch to the right.
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If we look at the initial response to Maastricht, the omens are not wholly encouraging.
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For some, the initial response is a mild fear reaction; it passes quickly.
shock
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The initial shock is followed by grief.
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He went into cardiac arrest and was brought back to life immediately after the initial shock .
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There had been the natural initial shock of disbelief at hearing of the unexpected death of any person even casually known.
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After the initial shock brought by his rather sudden decision had worn away Henry says, he felt mostly relief.
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Having overcome her initial shock , Polly asked Jack to sit down.
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After the initial shock , Daley felt cornered and harassed, and it soon showed in his reaction to questioning.
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Would he ever get over this initial shock period?
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Within a split second of the initial shock , bodies were running in all directions.
stage
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But even that cannon had to go through an initial stage of trial and error.
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In the initial stages , the researcher needs to understand the market, and the client's position and objectives within it.
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The first two categories represent the initial stages of involvement in learning to be a nurse.
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It really should be attractive in the initial stages .
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Thus in the initial stages Elliott and Harris were flung on their own resources.
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The man-hater is locked into the initial stage of separation, where repressed hurt and previously unarticulated anger are explored.
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In the initial stages the puppy is likely to pull on the leash by trying to rush ahead.
state
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As a result of the instability and interactions, the pattern rapidly loses any detailed memory of its initial state .
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The evolutionary course followed by a planet is set by its initial state .
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And we realize that the initial state may itself have been determined by the laws of science.
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The best documented measure of severity was a simple classification based on each patient's initial state of distress on presentation.
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But how did he choose the initial state or configuration of the universe?
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On the other hand, if the initial state is one of excess supply money-wages will fall at a rate.
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This state would be less ordered, and hence have more entropy, than the initial state of two separate boxes.
success
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Perhaps his initial success shouldn't have been all that surprising for he comes of good rugby stock.
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But restoration ecology is pointless if it merely leads to a relapse into high-risk behavior the moment it scores some initial success .
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After initial successes , Cunningham's offensive had been outflanked by Rommel and brought to a standstill.
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For such clients, setting intermediate goals increases the chances of initial success , which will keep their motivation up.
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After some initial successes , the authorities cracked down on the protesters.
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Charlie decided that, following this initial success , he should extend his delivery service to other customers in the East End.
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Satisfaction, even glee at this initial success was, however, soon succeeded by doubts about what to do next.
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But I owe its initial success to Eliot.
training
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Members of the Cadbury family did not escape this strict initial training .
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However only about one in ten offered is selected for the rigorous 12 week-long initial training course.
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For each of these components of primary education the investigator is concerned to improve the quality of initial training .
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The package also includes initial training and 24 hour telephone support.
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This initial training will often combine off-the-job courses with on-the-job guidance and support.
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However, parameters for them for individual writers could be extracted from an initial training phase for a script recognition system.
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Then a rigorous initial training period begins.
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In either case, an individual's initial training period will be closely supervised as outlined below.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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Initial difficulties with the computer system were soon fixed.
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Initial sales figures have been very good.
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After initial delays, construction on the new library is due to start in two weeks.
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After the initial shock, people adjusted to the new circumstances.
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Classes in gun handling are recommended as the initial step for those who want to own a handgun.
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I was only involved in the initial stages of the planning.
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My initial reaction was one of complete disbelief.
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Simon's initial feeling when he heard about the wedding was surprise.
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The initial cost of the computer system is more than made up for in terms of eventual profit.
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the initial stages of the disease
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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A stride from an adjacent boulder gains the initial crack.
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It often happens that the initial choice of weights is poor, and the program should learn improved weights.
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Seed Money School-to-work initiatives can not get started without an initial infusion of flexible seed money.
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So SunTran canceled its initial call for bids and issued a second one, to which three companies eventually responded.
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The training set consists of a variety of initial positions of the truck.
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There are no initial charges, only an annual management fee of 1%.
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We focused on those three initial regional managers then polled some of the neighboring ones.
II. noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ VERB
know
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To no one else was she known by her initials .
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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Ed is known as Easy, because of his initials, E.C.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Anyone could have typed that message and his initial , she realised with dismay.
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His shirt was first time on, and his initials were monogrammed over his heart.
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One was a letter stamped with the initials of the police trade union and addressed to Commissioner Italo Pompeo Baldoni.
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Others say the name is an acronym, formed from the initials of three of the first amateur operators.
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People asked her, significantly in that suffragette period, if the initials stood for New Women's Movement.
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That was one reason he only published under his initials.
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There are initials engraved on the inside.
III. verb
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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If you alter something you have written on a cheque, you must initial the change.
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The memo had been initialled by the President.
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You have to initial any corrections you make to the form.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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He reached his little office in the square, initialled a few reports, then asked for Sergeant Curtis.
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The smaller regional administrative units had initialled the Treaty on March 18.