Nicholas II /ˌnɪk ə ləs ðə ˈsekənd/ BrE AmE
(1868–1918) the Tsar (=ruler) of Russia from 1894 to 1917. His opposition to change led to the Revolution of 1905 and eventually to the ↑ Russian Revolution of 1917, in which he was forced to ↑ abdicate (=give up his position) . He and his family were shot in 1918. ⇨ ↑ Rasputin