(Sept. 9, 1513) English victory over the Scots, fought in Flodden Field, near Branxton, Northumberland, Eng.
To honour his alliance with France and divert troops from the main English army, then in France under Henry VIII , James IV of Scotland crossed the English border on August 22 with an army of about 30,000 men supported by artillery. Henry's lieutenant, the future 3rd duke of Norfolk , gathered an army of 20,000 and issued a challenge to James, who agreed to fight on September 9. By nightfall the Scottish army had been annihilated and James was dead, together with more than 10,000 of his subjects.