born Jan. 4, 1896, Balagny, France
died Oct. 28, 1987, Paris
French painter and graphic artist.
After studying painting in Brussels and Paris, he was severely wounded in World War I, and an overriding pessimism penetrated his art. He joined the Surrealist movement in 1924 and became the leading practitioner of automatism . In the late 1920s and '30s he produced turbulent images of violence, psychic pain, eroticism, and physical metamorphosis, using sinuous lines to delineate abstract biomorphic forms. He lived in Spain (193436) and later the U.S. (194145), where he became an important link between Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism . He later returned to France and concentrated on landscape painting.