Basic organization of the circuitry of a digital computer .
All digital computers are based on a two-valued logic system
1/0, on/off, yes/no (see binary code ). Computers perform calculations using components called logic gates, which are made up of integrated circuits that receive an input signal, process it, and change it into an output signal. The components of the gates pass or block a clock pulse as it travels through them, and the output bits of the gates control other gates or output the result. There are three basic kinds of logic gates, called "and," "or," and "not." By connecting logic gates together, a device can be constructed that can perform basic arithmetic functions.