orig. Eliezer Mayer or Lazar Mayer
born July 4, 1885, Minsk, Russian Empire
died Oct. 29, 1957, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S.
Russian-born U.S. film executive.
He immigrated to Canada and then the U.S. with his family and worked in his father's scrap-iron business from age 14. He bought a small nickelodeon near Boston in 1907, and by 1918 he owned the largest chain of movie theatres in New England. He founded a film production company in Hollywood in 1917 and merged it with other companies to form MGM in 1925. Under his leadership, MGM became Hollywood's largest and most prestigious studio, aided by his artistic director, Irving Thalberg . Mayer had under contract many of the outstanding screen stars of the day, including Greta Garbo , Clark Gable , and Judy Garland . He was considered the most powerful Hollywood executive until his forced retirement in 1951. He was the chief founder of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.