born Nov. 17, 1878, New York, N.Y., U.S.
died 1940
U.S. bacteriologist and epidemiologist.
He taught principally at the Columbia (1913–23) and Harvard (1923–40) medical schools. He isolated the bacterium that causes the European type of typhus, developed the first antityphus vaccine, and, with colleagues, found a way to mass-produce it. He recognized that cases of mild typhus-like symptoms in lice-free persons are recurrences after a latent period (Brill-Zinsser disease). His best-known book, Rats, Lice and History (1935), recounts the effects of typhus on humankind (he believed disease had destroyed more civilizations than war) and efforts to eradicate it.