RUCKERS, HANS, THE ELDER

born c. 1555, , Mechelen, Burgundy died c. 1623, , Antwerp most famous of all harpsichord makers and founder of a dynasty of Flemish instrument makers whose harpsichords provided an important model for later north European builders. Little is known of his life. His earliest known instrument is a double virginal (a rectangular harpsichord with two independent keyboards, set side by side, and two independent sets of strings) dated 1581, now in New York City; his latest extant instrument is dated 1620. Ruckers' sons Hans the Younger (also known as Jean) and Andreas were likewise renowned builders, as was Andreas' son, Andreas the Younger (d. after 1667). The Ruckers shop built variations of nine basic models of harpsichords and virginals, of which more than 100 are extant in whole or part. So prized were the Ruckers instruments that they were often rebuilt and enlarged, as well as copied, well into the 18th century and again in the 20th. The family business was carried on by the Couchet branch (Jan Couchet was a nephew of Hans II) until nearly 1700.