ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY

born July 11, 1767, Braintree [now Quincy], Mass. died Feb. 23, 1848, Washington, D.C., U.S. John Quincy Adams. eldest son of President John Adams and sixth president of the United States (1825-29). In his prepresidential years he was one of America's greatest diplomats (formulating, among other things, what came to be called the Monroe Doctrine); in his postpresidential years (as U.S. congressman, 1831-48) he conducted a consistent and often dramatic fight against the expansion of slavery. Additional reading Worthington Chauncy Ford (ed.), Writings of John Quincy Adams, 7 vol. (1913-17, reprinted 1968), is a collection of works from 1779 to 1823. Versions of Adams's diaries include Charles Francis Adams (ed.), Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848, 12 vol. (1874-77, reprinted 1969); Allan Nevins (ed.), The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 1794-1845 (1928, reissued 1969), a selection from the longer work above; and David Grayson Allen et al. (eds.), Diary of John Quincy Adams, 2 vol. (1981), Adams's diaries from the age of 12 to 21. Family letters are published in L.H. Butterfield et al. (eds.), Adams Family Correspondence, 6 vol. (1963-93). The best pictorial record is Andrew Oliver, Portraits of John Quincy Adams and His Wife (1970).Biographies include John T. Morse, Jr., John Quincy Adams (1882, reissued 1980); Bennett Champ Clark, John Quincy Adams, "Old Man Eloquent" (1932); Samuel Flagg Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy (1949, reprinted 1981), a diplomatic biography, and John Quincy Adams and the Union (1956, reprinted 1980), covering the period 1824-48; Marie B. Hecht, John Quincy Adams: A Personal History of an Independent Man (1972, reissued 1995), treating Adams's private relationships as well as his political life; and two works focusing on the final 17 years of Adams's life, when he served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives: Leonard Falkner, The President Who Wouldn't Retire (1967); and Leonard L. Richards, The Life and Times of Congressman John Quincy Adams (1986). A recent full-length study is Paul C. Nagel, John Quincy Adams: A Public Life, A Private Life (1997).Dexter Perkins, "John Quincy Adams," in Samuel Flagg Bemis (ed.), The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy, vol. 4 (1928, reprinted 1963), treats his important prepresidential years. Mary W.M. Hargreaves, The Presidency of John Quincy Adams (1985), focuses on the organization of the Adams administration and its handling of domestic and foreign affairs. Greg Russell, John Quincy Adams and the Public Virtues of Diplomacy (1995), examines Adams's view of the relationship between ethics and statesmanship. Lynn H. Parsons (compiler), John Quincy Adams: A Bibliography (1993), includes a chapter of entries on Adams's associates from throughout his career.The life of Louisa Adams is covered in Jack Shepherd, Cannibals of the Heart: A Personal Biography of Louisa Catherine and John Quincy Adams (1980). The men and women of this influential family are featured in Paul C. Nagel, Descent from Glory: Four Generations of the John Adams Family (1983), and The Adams Women: Abigail and Louisa Adams, Their Sisters and Daughters (1987). Samuel Flagg Bemis The Editors of the Encyclopdia Britannica