ALBRECHTSBERGER, JOHANN GEORG

born Feb. 3, 1736, Klosterneuburg, near Vienna, Austrian Habsburg domain [now in Austria] died March 7, 1809, Vienna Austrian composer, organist, and music theorist who was one of the most learned and skillful contrapuntists of his time. His fame attracted many pupils, including Ludwig van Beethoven. Albrechtsberger studied organ and thorough bass with Leopold Pittner and from 1755 to 1766 held various posts as organist. In 1772 he was appointed deputy court organist in Vienna, and he became first court organist there in 1792 and chapelmaster at St. Stephen's Cathedral in 1793. One of the finest organists of his day, he was also an influential teacher who trained a generation of Viennese musicians, including Beethoven, Carl Czerny, and Johann Nepomuk Hummel. Of Albrechtsberger's more than 750 compositions, most remain in manuscript. They include 35 masses, 240 fugues for various instruments, many string quartets and two-movement sonatas, and other religious and chamber music. His main theoretical work was Grndliche Anweisung zur Composition (1790; Fundamentals of Composition). His understanding of Baroque polyphony and counterpoint enriched the developing Viennese Classicism of his own day.