BAD HOMBURG

in full Bad Homburg Vor Der Hhe, city, Hesse Land (state), west-central Germany. It lies at the foot of the wooded Taunus Mountains, just north of Frankfurt am Main. First mentioned in records of the 12th century, it changed hands often, passing to the house of Hesse in 1521 and later becoming the independent city and landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg (16221866). In 1834 the rediscovery of the Elisabeth mineral spring and other springs known first to the Romans led to the founding of a casino (1841) and the building of the new city. It became an internationally fashionable spa; in the 1890s Edward, prince of Wales (later Edward VII of England), borrowed the headgear of a local militiaman and popularized the soft-felt Homburg hat. The landgraves' palace (168085, with a 12th-century tower) and the modern casino dominate the city. Nearby is the Saalburg, a Roman frontier fortress that was excavated and reconstructed in the 1800s. After 1918 Bad Homburg expanded into a residential town with industries (machinery, baked goods, textiles, and leather goods). Pop. (1995 est.) 50,927.