BEN JELLOUN, TAHAR

born Dec. 21, 1944, Fs, Mor. Moroccan poet, novelist, and dramatist. Ben Jelloun began his studies in philosophy and later earned a doctorate in social psychology. He taught and was a contributor to a number of magazines and newspapers, including Souffles, Intgral, Les Lettres Nouvelles, and Le Monde. Ben Jelloun's first collection of poetry, Hommes sous linceul de silence (1971; "Men Under the Shroud of Silence"), was followed by Cicatrices du soleil (1972; "Scars of the Sun"). Harrouda (1973), an erotic, poetic evocation of infancy, youth, and coming to manhood in Fs and Tangier, was his first novel. It was followed by two more poetry collections, Le Discours du chameau (1974; "The Discourse of the Camel") and Grains de peau (1974; "Particles of Skin"). Les Amandiers sont morts de leurs blessures (1976; "The Almond Trees Are Dead from Their Wounds")-poems and stories on his grandmother's death, the Palestinian question, North African immigration to France, love, and eroticism-was awarded the Prix de l'Amiti Franco-Arabe. In the same year, Chronique d'une solitude ("Chronicle of Loneliness"), a play about the misery of the North African immigrant worker, was staged at the Avignon Festival and appeared as a novel, La Rclusion solitaire (1976; "Solitary Confinement"). A third novel, Moha le fou, Moha le sage (1978; "Moha the Fool, Moha the Wise"), a satire of the modern North African state, received the Prix des Bibliothcaires de France et de Radio Monte Carlo. l'insu du souvenir (1980; "Unknown to Memory"), a later collection of poetry, and an essay on the intellectual in the Third World, "L'crivain public" (1983; "The Public Writer"), displayed his power for evoking reality through fantasy, lyric, and metaphor and his conviction that his art must express the struggle for human freedom-political, economic, and social.