BRANDYWINE, BATTLE OF THE

(Sept. 11, 1777), in the U.S. War of Independence, engagement near Philadelphia in which the British defeated the Americans but left the Revolutionary army intact. The British general Sir William Howe was lured to Philadelphia in the belief that its large Tory element would rise up when joined by a British army and thus virtually remove Pennsylvania from the war. That move left the forces of General John Burgoyne in northern New York to fend for themselves, directly resulting in the British disaster at the Battle of Saratoga. Embarking from New York City in July 1777, Howe's army of about 15,000 troops met General George Washington's Continental Army of about 11,000 in the vicinity of Chadds Ford, on Brandywine Creek in southeastern Pennsylvania, about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Philadelphia. In the end, the British troops occupied the battlefield, but they neither destroyed Washington's army nor cut it off from the capital at Philadelphia. Thus the American army was kept intact and the Revolution remained alive.