BROOKS, RICHARD

born May 18, 1912, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. died March 11, 1992, Beverly Hills, Calif. American screenwriter and motion-picture director and producer who created films that were characterized by social realism, especially movie adaptations of novels, such as Elmer Gantry (1960), for which he won an Academy Award for best screenplay. After attending Temple University in Philadelphia, Brooks began his writing career as a sports journalist. He then collaborated on scripts for radio and film before serving in World War II as a marine (194345). His novel about the persecution of a homosexual, The Brick Foxhole (1945), was adapted into a film about anti-Semitism called Crossfire (1947). His early fiction and screenplays for such films as White Savage (1943), Brute Force (1947), and Key Largo (1948) earned him an assignment as the writer and director of Crisis in 1950. The next year he published The Producer, a probing analysis of Hollywood. Following the success of Deadline USA (1952), he wrote and directed a film adaptation of Evan Hunter's novel The Blackboard Jungle (1955), about a teacher fighting to earn the respect of inner-city teenagers. Among his later adaptations were The Brothers Karamazov (1958), Lord Jim (1965), In Cold Blood (1967), and Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977), as well as adaptations of two Tennessee Williams plays, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958) and Sweet Bird of Youth (1961). A year after he became an independent producer, Brooks directed The Professionals (1966), his most acclaimed western.