BROWNING, JOHN MOSES

born Jan. 21, 1855, Ogden, Utah, U.S. died Nov. 26, 1926, Herstal, Belg. U.S. designer of small arms and automatic weapons, best known for his automatic rifle. Inventive as a child, Browning made his first gun at the age of 13 in his father's gun shop. In 1879 he patented a single-shot rifle, which he and his brother Matthew sold to the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. His later designs were produced by the Colt, Remington, Stevens, and Winchester arms companies, seldom with his name attached. All of his designs were commercially successful. The Browning automatic rifle was adopted by the U.S. Army in 1918 and used until the late 1950s. From about 1920 until the 1950s the U.S. armed forces used Browning-designed automatic weapons almost exclusively: .30- and .50-calibre machine guns, in several modifications for air, naval, and land use; the .45-calibre auto-loading pistol; and the 37-millimetre automatic cannon for aircraft. He designed many types of sporting firearms as well, notably the over-and-under double-barrelled shotgun made in Belgium.