CARMICHAEL, HOAGY

born Nov. 22, 1899, Bloomington, Ind., U.S. died Dec. 27, 1981, Rancho Mirage, Calif. byname of Hoagland Howard Carmichael U.S. self-taught pianist, composer, singer, and actor who composed many of the most popular songs of the big-band era. While studying at Indiana University, Bloomington (LL.B., 1926), he came to know jazz musicians, including the cornettist Bix Beiderbecke, for whom he named one of his sons. His first composition, Riverboat Shuffle, which became a jazz classic, was recorded by Beiderbecke and the Wolverines, a jazz group based in Chicago, in 1924. Carmichael went on to compose a series of popular songs whose melodic structure and harmonic interest made them attractive to many musicians, including Louis Armstrong and Jack Teagarden. These songs included Georgia on My Mind (1930), Rockin' Chair (1930), and Lazy River (1931). Working in Hollywood, first as a writer and then as a character actor, he produced other hit songs, including Thanks for the Memory (1938), Two Sleepy People (1939), and In The Cool Cool Cool of the Evening, for which he won an Academy Award in 1951. But probably his most successful song and one reputed to be the most frequently recorded popular composition of all time was Stardust, the first version of which was written in 1927. Carmichael continued to write songs, and he performed as an actor into the 1970s; his motion-picture credits include To Have and Have Not (1944), Canyon Passage (1946), and Young Man with a Horn (1950). He also wrote two volumes of memoirs: The Stardust Road (1946) and Sometimes I Wonder (1965).