CASO Y ANDRADE, ALFONSO

born Feb. 1, 1896, Mexico City, Mex. died Nov. 30, 1970, Mexico City Mexican archaeologist and government official who explored the early Oaxacan cultures and is best remembered for his excavation of Tomb Seven at Monte Albn, the earliest-known North American necropolis. Caso y Andrade studied at the University of Mexico and subsequently served on its faculty from 1918 to 1940. He headed the department of archaeology at the National Museum in 193033 and was director of the museum itself in 193334. From 1931 to 1943 Caso directed excavations at the site of the ancient Zapotec city of Monte Albn, in Oaxaca state. His discovery and analysis of the burial offerings at Tomb Seven proved that Monte Albn had been occupied by the Mixtec people after they had displaced the Zapotecs in the locality some time before the Spanish conquest. Caso gathered evidence pointing to five major phases in Monte Albn's history dating back to the 8th century BC, and he was able to establish a rough chronology of that history through correlations with other sites. His other celebrated accomplishment was the deciphering of the Mixtec Codices. Caso held various posts in the government from 1946, including that of director (194970) of the National Institute for Indian Affairs.